{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Recent high‐throughput studies have begun to reveal that members of the keratin‐associated protein (KRTAP) family, although best known for their roles in hair formation and structure, may also participate in cellular processes outside the skin. In one study investigating the role of the endogenous bornavirus‐like nucleoprotein element EBLN1 in human oligodendroglia cells, silencing of EBLN1 led to significant changes in cell cycle, mitogen‐activated protein kinase, p53 signaling, and apoptosis pathways. Among the most notably down‐regulated genes upon EBLN1 silencing was "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "KRTAP2-4"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ", suggesting that this KRTAP family member may contribute to pathways essential for cell survival and homeostasis in non‐hair tissues."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ""}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n \n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n By contrast, studies in skin and hair follicles have characterized other KRTAP proteins, such as KRTAP24-1, as structural components contributing to hair cuticle integrity."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "2"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Moreover, work examining cytoskeletal dynamics in mesenchymal stem/stromal cells demonstrated that F-actin depolymerization rapidly induces the expression of keratin intermediate filament–associated genes (for example, KRTAP1-5 and KRTAP2-3), implicating transcriptional regulatory mechanisms in cellular response to cytoskeletal perturbation."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Although these latter studies did not focus on KRTAP2-4 specifically, they highlight a broader emerging concept that KRTAP family genes, traditionally linked to hair structure, might also influence cytoskeletal reorganization and cell fate decisions.\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n \n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Thus, the observed downregulation of KRTAP2-4 in oligodendroglia cells upon EBLN1 knockdown raises the possibility that KRTAP2-4 functions as a structural or regulatory component that contributes to cell survival and proper cytoskeletal organization in non–hair tissues. This finding extends the known paradigm of keratin-associated proteins beyond their classical roles in hair and skin and suggests a potential involvement in the regulation of cell cycle and apoptosis, although further functional studies will be required to delineate its precise role.\n "}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Peng He, Lin Sun, Dan Zhu, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Knock-Down of Endogenous Bornavirus-Like Nucleoprotein 1 Inhibits Cell Growth and Induces Apoptosis in Human Oligodendroglia Cells."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Int J Mol Sci (2016)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.3390/ijms17040435"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms17040435"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "27023521"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27023521"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Michael A Rogers, Hermelita Winter, Lutz Langbein, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Characterization of human KAP24.1, a cuticular hair keratin-associated protein with unusual amino-acid composition and repeat structure."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Invest Dermatol (2007)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/sj.jid.5700702"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.jid.5700702"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "17235325"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17235325"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Tzu-Hao Chang, Hsien-Da Huang, Wei-Kee Ong, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "The effects of actin cytoskeleton perturbation on keratin intermediate filament formation in mesenchymal stem/stromal cells."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Biomaterials (2014)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.01.028"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.01.028"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "24513317"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24513317"}]}]}]}