LFNG Gene

HGNC Family	Glycosyltransferases
Name	LFNG O-fucosylpeptide 3-beta-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase
Description	This gene is a member of the glycosyltransferase 31 gene family. Members of this gene family, which also includes the MFNG (GeneID: 4242) and RFNG (GeneID: 5986) genes, encode evolutionarily conserved glycosyltransferases that act in the Notch signaling pathway to define boundaries during embryonic development. While their genomic structure is distinct from other glycosyltransferases, these proteins have a fucose-specific beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity that leads to elongation of O-linked fucose residues on Notch, which alters Notch signaling. The protein encoded by this gene is predicted to be a single-pass type II Golgi membrane protein but it may also be secreted and proteolytically processed like the related proteins in mouse and Drosophila (PMID: 9187150). Mutations in this gene have been associated with autosomal recessive spondylocostal dysostosis 3. [provided by RefSeq, May 2018]
Summary	{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n The collective findings from these studies indicate that Lunatic Fringe (LFNG) is a multifunctional glycosyltransferase that modulates Notch signaling to ensure proper embryonic patterning and adult cell fate decisions. In the developing embryo, LFNG is dynamically expressed in the presomitic mesoderm where its cyclic transcription is an integral part of the segmentation clock. Its oscillatory pattern—regulated in part through negative feedback mechanisms involving transcriptional repressors such as Hes7—is critical for the fine‐tuned segmentation of somites and the normal patterning of the axial skeleton (1,2,4,5). Disruption of LFNG function, including through mutation, is causally linked to segmentation defects such as spondylocostal dysostosis, underscoring its essential role in vertebral development (6)."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n \n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n In addition to its role in somitogenesis, LFNG exerts its function by modifying Notch receptors through the addition of specific carbohydrate moieties. This glycosylation process alters the receptor’s affinity for different ligands, enhancing binding and activation by Delta‐like ligands while often attenuating Jagged‐mediated signals. Such modulation is pivotal in several contexts, including the development of T cells and marginal zone B cells, where LFNG (often acting in concert with other Fringe family members) helps fine‐tune Notch receptor–ligand interactions to control cell fate decisions (3,7). \n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n \n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Overall, LFNG serves as a key regulator that both orchestrates the timely segmentation of the paraxial mesoderm during early development and modulates Notch signaling strength and specificity in multiple cell types later in life.\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n \n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Citations:"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n \n <ul>\n <li>"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "</li>\n <li>"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "2"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "</li>\n <li>"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "</li>\n <li>"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "4"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "</li>\n <li>"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "5"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "</li>\n <li>"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "6"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "</li>\n <li>"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "7"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "</li>\n </ul>"}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Alexander Aulehla, Christian Wehrle, Beate Brand-Saberi, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Wnt3a plays a major role in the segmentation clock controlling somitogenesis."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Dev Cell (2003)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/s1534-5807(03)00055-8"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/s1534-5807(03"}, {"type": "t", "text": "00055-8) PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "12636920"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12636920"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Yasumasa Bessho, Hiromi Hirata, Yoshito Masamizu, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Periodic repression by the bHLH factor Hes7 is an essential mechanism for the somite segmentation clock."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Genes Dev (2003)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1101/gad.1092303"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1101/gad.1092303"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "12783854"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12783854"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Liang-Tung Yang, James T Nichols, Christine Yao, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Fringe glycosyltransferases differentially modulate Notch1 proteolysis induced by Delta1 and Jagged1."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mol Biol Cell (2005)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1091/mbc.e04-07-0614"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e04-07-0614"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "15574878"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15574878"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Susan E Cole, John M Levorse, Shirley M Tilghman, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Clock regulatory elements control cyclic expression of Lunatic fringe during somitogenesis."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Dev Cell (2002)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/s1534-5807(02)00212-5"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/s1534-5807(02"}, {"type": "t", "text": "00212-5) PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "12110169"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12110169"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 5, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Jun Chen, Liang Kang, Nian Zhang "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Negative feedback loop formed by Lunatic fringe and Hes7 controls their oscillatory expression during somitogenesis."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Genesis (2005)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1002/gene.20171"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/gene.20171"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "16342160"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16342160"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 6, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Duncan B Sparrow, David Sillence, Merridee A Wouters, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Two novel missense mutations in HAIRY-AND-ENHANCER-OF-SPLIT-7 in a family with spondylocostal dysostosis."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Eur J Hum Genet (2010)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/ejhg.2009.241"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/ejhg.2009.241"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "20087400"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20087400"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 7, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Yinghui Song, Vivek Kumar, Hua-Xing Wei, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Lunatic, Manic, and Radical Fringe Each Promote T and B Cell Development."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Immunol (2016)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.4049/jimmunol.1402421"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.1402421"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "26608918"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26608918"}]}]}]}
Synonyms	SCDO3
Proteins	LFNG_HUMAN
NCBI Gene ID	3955
API
Download Associations
Predicted Functions
Co-expressed Genes
Expression in Tissues and Cell Lines

Functional Associations

LFNG has 6,243 functional associations with biological entities spanning 9 categories (molecular profile, organism, functional term, phrase or reference, chemical, disease, phenotype or trait, structural feature, cell line, cell type or tissue, gene, protein or microRNA, sequence feature) extracted from 119 datasets.

Click the + buttons to view associations for LFNG from the datasets below.

If available, associations are ranked by standardized value

Harmonizome 3.0

LFNG Gene

Functional Associations

Please acknowledge the Harmonizome in your publications by citing the following reference(s):

	Dataset	Summary
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of LFNG gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of LFNG gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles	tissue samples with high or low expression of LFNG gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray	tissue samples with high or low expression of LFNG gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq	tissue samples with high or low expression of LFNG gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of LFNG gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Biocarta Pathways	pathways involving LFNG protein from the Biocarta Pathways dataset.
	BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of LFNG gene relative to other cell lines from the BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of LFNG gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of LFNG gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Carcinogenome Chemical Perturbation Carcinogenicity Signatures	small molecule perturbations changing expression of LFNG gene from the Carcinogenome Chemical Perturbation Carcinogenicity Signatures dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of LFNG gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of LFNG gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations	cell types associated with LFNG gene from the CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of LFNG gene from the CHEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of LFNG gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022	transcription factors binding the promoter of LFNG gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022 dataset.
	ClinVar Gene-Phenotype Associations 2025	phenotypes associated with LFNG gene from the curated ClinVar Gene-Phenotype Associations 2025 dataset.
	CM4AI U2OS Cell Map Protein Localization Assemblies	assemblies containing LFNG protein from integrated AP-MS and IF data from the CM4AI U2OS Cell Map Protein Localization Assemblies dataset.
	CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules	small molecule perturbations changing expression of LFNG gene from the CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components containing LFNG protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components containing LFNG protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components containing LFNG protein in low- or high-throughput protein localization assays from the COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components co-occuring with LFNG protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components co-occuring with LFNG protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of LFNG gene relative to other cell lines from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles	cell lines with LFNG gene mutations from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles dataset.
	CTD Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with LFNG gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency	cell lines with fitness changed by LFNG gene knockdown relative to other cell lines from the DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency dataset.
	DISEASES Curated Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores	diseases involving LFNG gene from the DISEASES Curated Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset.
	DISEASES Curated Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases involving LFNG gene from the DISEASES Curated Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases associated with LFNG gene in GWAS datasets from the DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores	diseases co-occuring with LFNG gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases co-occuring with LFNG gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with LFNG gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Phenotype Associations	phenotypes associated with LFNG gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Phenoptype Associations dataset.
	ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles	histone modification site profiles with high histone modification abundance at LFNG gene from the ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles dataset.
	ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of LFNG gene from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of LFNG gene in ChIP-seq datasets from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells	PubMedIDs of publications reporting gene signatures containing LFNG from the ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells dataset.