{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Galectin‐2, encoded by the LGALS2 gene, is a member of the galactose‐binding lectin family that plays a regulatory role in modulating inflammatory and vascular processes. Several studies have demonstrated that galectin‐2 binds to lymphotoxin‐α (LTA), thereby influencing its secretion and, consequently, the intensity of inflammatory responses in the vasculature (see."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "5"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Functional polymorphisms within LGALS2 have been linked to alterations in transcriptional levels and are associated with susceptibility to myocardial infarction, atherothrombotic cerebral infarction, and other vascular complications in selected populations (for example."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "3"}, {"type": "fg_f", "ref": "6"}, {"type": "fg_f", "ref": "4"}, {"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "8", "end_ref": "11"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " \n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n In vascular and immune cells such as smooth muscle cells, macrophages, and endothelial cells, galectin‐2 contributes to modulating pro‐inflammatory cascades that affect vascular remodeling and arteriogenesis. Notably, elevated expression of galectin‐2 in circulating monocytes has been associated with a diminished capacity for collateral vessel formation, identifying it as a novel inhibitor of arteriogenesis."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "12"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Beyond its role in vascular inflammation, LGALS2 variants have also been implicated in metabolic regulation. Associations with fasting glucose, insulin levels, and blood pressure hint at broader, pleiotropic functions that may influence the risk of metabolic syndrome and related cardiovascular complications."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "13"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n While some investigations report significant associations between LGALS2 functional polymorphisms and coronary artery disease or myocardial infarction, other studies—especially those conducted in European cohorts—have not confirmed these links."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "8"}, {"type": "fg_f", "ref": "15"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " These discrepancies suggest that the impact of galectin‐2 on inflammatory vascular disease may be influenced by population‐specific genetic backgrounds.\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n In summary, LGALS2 (galectin‐2) appears to modulate the LTA cascade and inflammatory processes in vascular tissues, thereby affecting vascular remodeling, arteriogenesis, and metabolic regulation. This multifaceted role in cardiovascular and metabolic pathways identifies galectin‐2 as a potential target for therapeutic intervention in inflammatory and ischemic vascular disorders."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "3"}, {"type": "fg_f", "ref": "12"}, {"type": "fg_f", "ref": "4"}, {"type": "fg_f", "ref": "13"}, {"type": "fg_f", "ref": "10"}, {"type": "fg_f", "ref": "16"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Kouichi Ozaki, Katsumi Inoue, Hiroshi Sato, et al. 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