{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Our integrated analysis shows that LRRC1, also known as LANO, plays multifaceted roles in diverse biological processes. In developmental contexts, LRRC1 is a member of the LAP (leucine‐rich and PDZ) family that contributes to the maintenance of cell polarity in epithelial tissues. For example, studies in Xenopus embryos demonstrate that LRRC1 is expressed in highly polarized cell types during early development, indicating a conserved role in tissue organization and morphogenesis."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n In several cancer types, LRRC1 appears to act in an oncogenic manner. In non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), exosomal delivery of microRNA‐193a leads to downregulation of LRRC1, which in turn suppresses cell colony formation, invasion, migration, and proliferation while promoting apoptosis."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "2"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), aberrant overexpression of LRRC1 enhances tumor cell growth, colony formation, and transformation both in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that LRRC1 contributes to tumorigenesis."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Similarly, in breast cancer, LRRC1 (the vertebrate paralog of the tumor suppressor SCRIB) is associated with a stem cell signature and modulates breast cancer stem cell fate via paracrine deregulation of WNT/β‐catenin signaling pathways."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "4"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In pancreatic adenocarcinoma, LRRC1 is integrated within a competing endogenous RNA network and its expression correlates with prognosis as well as with differential responses to immunotherapy and chemotherapy, further supporting its role as a potential biomarker."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "5"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Furthermore, LRRC1 has been identified as one of the hub genes in a ceRNA network associated with recurrent implantation failure, with its upregulation in the endometrium linked to compromised endometrial receptivity."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "6"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n In contrast, genetic studies in the context of juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) initially evaluated LRRC1 as a candidate gene; however, mutation analyses failed to demonstrate co‐segregation with the epileptic phenotype, suggesting that aberrations in LRRC1 are unlikely to be a causal factor in JME."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "7"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n In summary, LRRC1 functions as a key regulator of cell polarity and has emerged as an important modulator in oncogenic processes by promoting cell transformation, proliferation, invasion, and migration across multiple cancer types. Its integration in ceRNA networks in both cancer and reproductive pathologies underscores its potential as a prognostic marker and therapeutic target, while its lack of causative involvement in JME highlights tissue‐ and context-specific functions.\n "}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Qiutan Yang, Xiaoyan Lv, Qinghua Kong, et al. 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