LUM Gene

HGNC Family	Proteoglycans
Name	lumican
Description	This gene encodes a member of the small leucine-rich proteoglycan (SLRP) family that includes decorin, biglycan, fibromodulin, keratocan, epiphycan, and osteoglycin. In these bifunctional molecules, the protein moiety binds collagen fibrils and the highly charged hydrophilic glycosaminoglycans regulate interfibrillar spacings. Lumican is the major keratan sulfate proteoglycan of the cornea but is also distributed in interstitial collagenous matrices throughout the body. Lumican may regulate collagen fibril organization and circumferential growth, corneal transparency, and epithelial cell migration and tissue repair. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Summary	{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Lumican, a small leucine‐rich proteoglycan, is emerging as a multifunctional extracellular matrix regulator that plays diverse roles in tissue structure, repair, inflammation, fibrosis, and cancer. In connective tissues such as tendon, cornea, and skin, lumican binds collagen via specific leucine‐rich repeat domains to modulate fibrillogenesis and fibril maturation; its deficiency or altered expression leads to disorganized collagen assembly, impaired tissue biomechanics, and, in the cornea, loss of transparency."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "5"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n In the context of cancer, lumican exerts context‐dependent effects. In melanoma cells, enforced lumican expression reduces anchorage‐independent growth, invasion, and tumor formation via modulation of cell cycle regulators and apoptotic pathways."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "6"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Conversely, in ovarian and gastric cancers, altered lumican levels correlate with epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition, chemoresistance, and increased metastatic potential. For example, transcriptional repression of lumican by oncogenic factors is linked to enhanced tumor aggressiveness, whereas cancer‐associated fibroblasts expressing lumican promote tumor cell migration and invasion through integrin β1–FAK signaling."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "7", "end_ref": "9"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Beyond its roles in matrix organization and tumor biology, lumican modulates innate immunity. It binds bacterial lipopolysaccharide and, by associating with CD14, facilitates Toll‐like receptor 4 signaling, thereby enhancing the production of proinflammatory cytokines and influencing neutrophil migration during the host response to infection."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "10"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n In fibrotic disorders, such as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and chronic liver injury, lumican is progressively overexpressed and appears to drive fibrosis by affecting collagen organization and matrix turnover; indeed, lumican deficiency mitigates hepatic fibrosis in experimental models."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "11"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Finally, in osteosarcoma, lumican regulates cell adhesion through modulation of TGF‐β2/Smad2 and integrin β1 signaling pathways, highlighting its broader impact on cell–matrix interactions and signaling cascades that determine cell fate."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "13"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Overall, lumican’s ability to influence collagen fibrillogenesis, cell migration, immune responses, and fibrotic as well as tumorigenic processes underscores its potential as a therapeutic target in a wide range of pathological conditions."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "14", "end_ref": "17"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Denitsa Docheva, Ernst B Hunziker, Reinhard Fässler, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Tenomodulin is necessary for tenocyte proliferation and tendon maturation."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mol Cell Biol (2005)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1128/MCB.25.2.699-705.2005"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1128/MCB.25.2.699-705.2005"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "15632070"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15632070"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Karl J Jepsen, Feng Wu, Jason H Peragallo, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "A syndrome of joint laxity and impaired tendon integrity in lumican- and fibromodulin-deficient mice."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Biol Chem (2002)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1074/jbc.M205398200"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M205398200"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "12089156"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12089156"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Eric C Carlson, Chia-Yang Liu, Tai-ichiro Chikama, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Keratocan, a cornea-specific keratan sulfate proteoglycan, is regulated by lumican."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Biol Chem (2005)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1074/jbc.M500249200"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M500249200"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "15849191"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15849191"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Pedro Vallecillo-García, Mickael Orgeur, Sophie Vom Hofe-Schneider, et al. 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"}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "The small leucine-rich proteoglycan lumican inhibits melanoma progression."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Exp Cell Res (2004)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.yexcr.2004.02.005"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yexcr.2004.02.005"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "15149859"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15149859"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 7, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Jingjing Wu, Zhaojian Liu, Changshun Shao, et al. 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"}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cancer-associated fibroblast-derived Lumican promotes gastric cancer progression via the integrin β1-FAK signaling pathway."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Int J Cancer (2017)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1002/ijc.30801"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.30801"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "28542982"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28542982"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 10, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Feng Wu, Neeraj Vij, Luke Roberts, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "A novel role of the lumican core protein in bacterial lipopolysaccharide-induced innate immune response."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Biol Chem (2007)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1074/jbc.M702402200"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M702402200"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "17616530"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17616530"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 11, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Michael Charlton, Kimberly Viker, Anuradha Krishnan, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Differential expression of lumican and fatty acid binding protein-1: new insights into the histologic spectrum of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Hepatology (2009)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1002/hep.22927"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.22927"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "19330863"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19330863"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 12, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Anuradha Krishnan, Xia Li, Winstonwhei-Yang Kao, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Lumican, an extracellular matrix proteoglycan, is a novel requisite for hepatic fibrosis."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Lab Invest (2012)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/labinvest.2012.121"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/labinvest.2012.121"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "23007134"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23007134"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 13, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Dragana Nikitovic, Georgia Chalkiadaki, Aikaterini Berdiaki, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Lumican regulates osteosarcoma cell adhesion by modulating TGFβ2 activity."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Int J Biochem Cell Biol (2011)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.biocel.2011.03.008"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocel.2011.03.008"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "21421073"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21421073"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 14, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Hannu Järveläinen, Annele Sainio, Thomas N Wight "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Pivotal role for decorin in angiogenesis."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Matrix Biol (2015)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.matbio.2015.01.023"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matbio.2015.01.023"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "25661523"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25661523"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 15, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Yukio Yamano, Katsuhiro Uzawa, Kengo Saito, et al. 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"}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Extracellular matrix lumican deposited on the surface of neutrophils promotes migration by binding to beta2 integrin."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Biol Chem (2009)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1074/jbc.M109.026229"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M109.026229"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "19531489"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19531489"}]}]}]}
Synonyms	LDC, SLRR2D
Proteins	LUM_HUMAN
NCBI Gene ID	4060
API
Download Associations
Predicted Functions
Co-expressed Genes
Expression in Tissues and Cell Lines

Functional Associations

LUM has 10,522 functional associations with biological entities spanning 8 categories (molecular profile, organism, chemical, functional term, phrase or reference, disease, phenotype or trait, structural feature, cell line, cell type or tissue, gene, protein or microRNA) extracted from 110 datasets.

Click the + buttons to view associations for LUM from the datasets below.

If available, associations are ranked by standardized value

Harmonizome 3.0

LUM Gene

Functional Associations

Please acknowledge the Harmonizome in your publications by citing the following reference(s):

	Dataset	Summary
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of LUM gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of LUM gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles	tissue samples with high or low expression of LUM gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray	tissue samples with high or low expression of LUM gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq	tissue samples with high or low expression of LUM gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of LUM gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of LUM gene relative to other cell lines from the BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of LUM gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of LUM gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of LUM gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of LUM gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Proteomics	Cell lines associated with LUM protein from the CCLE Cell Line Proteomics dataset.
	CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations	cell types associated with LUM gene from the CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of LUM gene from the CHEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of LUM gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022	transcription factors binding the promoter of LUM gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022 dataset.
	CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules	small molecule perturbations changing expression of LUM gene from the CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components containing LUM protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components containing LUM protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components co-occuring with LUM protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components co-occuring with LUM protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of LUM gene relative to other cell lines from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles	cell lines with LUM gene mutations from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles dataset.
	CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions	chemicals interacting with LUM gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions dataset.
	CTD Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with LUM gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency	cell lines with fitness changed by LUM gene knockdown relative to other cell lines from the DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores	diseases co-occuring with LUM gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases co-occuring with LUM gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with LUM gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Phenotype Associations	phenotypes associated with LUM gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Phenoptype Associations dataset.
	ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles	histone modification site profiles with high histone modification abundance at LUM gene from the ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles dataset.
	ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of LUM gene from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of LUM gene in ChIP-seq datasets from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells	PubMedIDs of publications reporting gene signatures containing LUM from the ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells dataset.
	GAD Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with LUM gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	GAD High Level Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with LUM gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD High Level Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	GDSC Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of LUM gene relative to other cell lines from the GDSC Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	GeneRIF Biological Term Annotations	biological terms co-occuring with LUM gene in literature-supported statements describing functions of genes from the GeneRIF Biological Term Annotations dataset.
	GeneSigDB Published Gene Signatures	PubMedIDs of publications reporting gene signatures containing LUM from the GeneSigDB Published Gene Signatures dataset.
	GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Diseases	disease perturbations changing expression of LUM gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Diseases dataset.