LYAR Gene

HGNC Family	Zinc fingers
Name	Ly1 antibody reactive
Description	Enables several functions, including DNA-binding transcription factor binding activity; identical protein binding activity; and transcription regulator inhibitor activity. Involved in several processes, including erythrocyte development; negative regulation of innate immune response; and regulation of DNA-templated transcription. Located in nucleolus and nucleoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]
Summary	{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n LYAR, a zinc finger nucleolar protein, exerts multifaceted roles in both normal cellular physiology and disease. In embryonic stem cells, LYAR is highly expressed and is crucial for maintaining self‐renewal and proper differentiation through stabilization of nucleolin and regulation of cell growth."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In parallel, LYAR enhances ribosome biogenesis by accelerating the processing of precursor rRNAs, thereby promoting cellular proliferation"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "2"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "; its involvement in ribosome maturation has also been linked to dynamic, nutrient‐dependent processing events in the nucleolus."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ""}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n \n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n LYAR has emerged as an important regulator of gene expression in hematologic contexts as well. It binds to a specific site in the 5′ untranslated region of the Aγ‐globin gene, and polymorphisms that diminish its binding efficiency are associated with elevated fetal hemoglobin levels in β‐thalassemia patients."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "4"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n \n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n In cancer, LYAR is frequently overexpressed and contributes to tumor progression through several mechanisms. In neuroblastoma, for instance, LYAR is upregulated as a downstream target of N‐Myc, where it represses oxidative stress genes (such as CHAC1) to promote cell survival and proliferation"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "6"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ", and it is also identified as an early target of microRNA‐34a, correlating with worse clinical outcomes."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "7"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In colorectal cancer, LYAR directly binds to the LGALS1 (galectin-1) promoter to enhance cell migration and invasion, thereby promoting metastatic potential."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "8"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Similarly, in lung cancers, an aberrant long non-coding RNA (LINC00355) sustains LYAR expression by sponging miR-466, and elevated LYAR levels correlate with enhanced proliferation and reduced apoptosis in both squamous cell carcinoma and non-small-cell lung cancer."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "9"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " A broader pan-cancer analysis further supports LYAR’s prognostic value, linking its high expression to aggressive tumor behavior."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "11"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n \n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Beyond its roles in proliferation and tumor progression, LYAR functions as a negative regulator of innate immune responses. By interacting with phosphorylated IRF3, it impedes the DNA-binding capacity of IRF3, thereby suppressing the transcription of interferon-β and downstream antiviral responses."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "12"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n \n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Finally, although LYAR is abundantly expressed in male germ cells, studies in LYAR-null mouse models indicate that it is dispensable for spermatogenesis."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "13"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Collectively, these findings underscore the diverse functions of LYAR in regulating ribosome assembly, gene expression, and cellular homeostasis—highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target in cancer and hematologic disorders.\n "}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Hui Li, Beibei Wang, Acong Yang, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Ly-1 antibody reactive clone is an important nucleolar protein for control of self-renewal and differentiation in embryonic stem cells."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Stem Cells (2009)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1002/stem.55"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/stem.55"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "19489080"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19489080"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Naoki Miyazawa, Harunori Yoshikawa, Satomi Magae, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Human cell growth regulator Ly-1 antibody reactive homologue accelerates processing of preribosomal RNA."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Genes Cells (2014)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1111/gtc.12129"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/gtc.12129"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "24495227"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24495227"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Danysh A Abetov, Vladimir S Kiyan, Assylbek A Zhylkibayev, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Formation of mammalian preribosomes proceeds from intermediate to composed state during ribosome maturation."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Biol Chem (2019)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1074/jbc.AC119.008378"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.AC119.008378"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "31076509"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31076509"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Diyu Chen, Yangjin Zuo, Xinhua Zhang, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "A Genetic Variant Ameliorates β-Thalassemia Severity by Epigenetic-Mediated Elevation of Human Fetal Hemoglobin Expression."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Am J Hum Genet (2017)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.ajhg.2017.05.012"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajhg.2017.05.012"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "28669403"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28669403"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 5, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Chiara Gemmo, Giulia Breveglieri, Giovanni Marzaro, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Surface plasmon resonance based analysis of the binding of LYAR protein to the rs368698783 (G>A) polymorphic Aγ-globin gene sequences mutated in β-thalassemia."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Anal Bioanal Chem (2019)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1007/s00216-019-01987-9"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-019-01987-9"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "31300855"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31300855"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 6, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Yuting Sun, Bernard Atmadibrata, Denise Yu, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Upregulation of LYAR induces neuroblastoma cell proliferation and survival."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cell Death Differ (2017)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/cdd.2017.98"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/cdd.2017.98"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "28686580"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28686580"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 7, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Pasqualino De Antonellis, Marianeve Carotenuto, Jonathan Vandenbussche, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Early targets of miR-34a in neuroblastoma."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mol Cell Proteomics (2014)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1074/mcp.M113.035808"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1074/mcp.M113.035808"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "24912852"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24912852"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 8, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Yupeng Wu, Ming Liu, Zhuchen Li, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "LYAR promotes colorectal cancer cell mobility by activating galectin-1 expression."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Oncotarget (2015)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.18632/oncotarget.5335"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.5335"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "26413750"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26413750"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 9, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "XueFeng Sun, GuangSuo Wang, PeiKun Ding, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "LINC00355 promoted the progression of lung squamous cell carcinoma through regulating the miR-466/LYAR axis."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Braz J Med Biol Res (2020)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1590/1414-431X20209317"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1590/1414-431X20209317"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "33111744"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33111744"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 10, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Xiao-Ning Lu, Guan-Jun Ju, Yu-Xin Wang, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "LYAR promotes the proliferation of non-small cell lung cancer and is associated with poor prognosis."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Folia Histochem Cytobiol (2021)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.5603/FHC.a2021.0030"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.5603/FHC.a2021.0030"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "34890041"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34890041"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 11, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Linlin Chen, Congwen Jin, Hao Liu, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Analysis of the role of Ly-1 antibody reactive in different cancer types."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Bioengineered (2021)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1080/21655979.2021.1995100"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1080/21655979.2021.1995100"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "34696677"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34696677"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 12, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cha Yang, Xiaokun Liu, Tailang Cheng, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "LYAR Suppresses Beta Interferon Induction by Targeting Phosphorylated Interferon Regulatory Factor 3."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Virol (2019)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1128/JVI.00769-19"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.00769-19"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "31413131"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31413131"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 13, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Boyeon Lee, Sora Jin, Heejin Choi, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Expression and function of the testis-predominant protein LYAR in mice."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mol Cells (2013)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1007/s10059-013-2271-3"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10059-013-2271-3"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "23212345"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23212345"}]}]}]}
Synonyms	ZC2HC2, ZLYAR
Proteins	LYAR_HUMAN
NCBI Gene ID	55646
API
Download Associations
Predicted Functions
Co-expressed Genes
Expression in Tissues and Cell Lines

Functional Associations

LYAR has 6,293 functional associations with biological entities spanning 9 categories (molecular profile, organism, functional term, phrase or reference, chemical, disease, phenotype or trait, structural feature, cell line, cell type or tissue, gene, protein or microRNA, sequence feature) extracted from 116 datasets.

Click the + buttons to view associations for LYAR from the datasets below.

If available, associations are ranked by standardized value

Harmonizome 3.0

LYAR Gene

Functional Associations

Please acknowledge the Harmonizome in your publications by citing the following reference(s):

	Dataset	Summary
	Achilles Cell Line Gene Essentiality Profiles	cell lines with fitness changed by LYAR gene knockdown relative to other cell lines from the Achilles Cell Line Gene Essentiality Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of LYAR gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of LYAR gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles	tissue samples with high or low expression of LYAR gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray	tissue samples with high or low expression of LYAR gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq	tissue samples with high or low expression of LYAR gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of LYAR gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of LYAR gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of LYAR gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of LYAR gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of LYAR gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Proteomics	Cell lines associated with LYAR protein from the CCLE Cell Line Proteomics dataset.
	CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations	cell types associated with LYAR gene from the CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of LYAR gene from the CHEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of LYAR gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022	transcription factors binding the promoter of LYAR gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022 dataset.
	CM4AI U2OS Cell Map Protein Localization Assemblies	assemblies containing LYAR protein from integrated AP-MS and IF data from the CM4AI U2OS Cell Map Protein Localization Assemblies dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components containing LYAR protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components containing LYAR protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components containing LYAR protein in low- or high-throughput protein localization assays from the COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components containing LYAR protein in low- or high-throughput protein localization assays from the COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components co-occuring with LYAR protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components co-occuring with LYAR protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	CORUM Protein Complexes	protein complexs containing LYAR protein from the CORUM Protein Complexes dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of LYAR gene relative to other cell lines from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles	cell lines with LYAR gene mutations from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles dataset.
	CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions	chemicals interacting with LYAR gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions dataset.
	CTD Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with LYAR gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	DeepCoverMOA Drug Mechanisms of Action	small molecule perturbations with high or low expression of LYAR protein relative to other small molecule perturbations from the DeepCoverMOA Drug Mechanisms of Action dataset.
	DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency	cell lines with fitness changed by LYAR gene knockdown relative to other cell lines from the DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores	diseases co-occuring with LYAR gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases co-occuring with LYAR gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with LYAR gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Phenotype Associations	phenotypes associated with LYAR gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Phenoptype Associations dataset.
	ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles	histone modification site profiles with high histone modification abundance at LYAR gene from the ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles dataset.
	ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of LYAR gene from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of LYAR gene in ChIP-seq datasets from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells	PubMedIDs of publications reporting gene signatures containing LYAR from the ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells dataset.
	GeneRIF Biological Term Annotations	biological terms co-occuring with LYAR gene in literature-supported statements describing functions of genes from the GeneRIF Biological Term Annotations dataset.
	GeneSigDB Published Gene Signatures	PubMedIDs of publications reporting gene signatures containing LYAR from the GeneSigDB Published Gene Signatures dataset.