{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n LYPD8 is a glycosylated, glycosylphosphatidylinositol‐anchored protein that is prominently expressed by colonic epithelial cells and plays a critical role in maintaining intestinal homeostasis. It functions by binding to flagella on motile, flagellated bacteria, thereby inhibiting their movement and preventing their encroachment into the inner mucus layer. This physical segregation of bacteria away from the epithelial surface is essential for limiting bacterial invasion and the resulting inflammatory responses. In addition, LYPD8 can interfere with the adhesion of pathogenic bacteria—by, for example, binding to bacterial adhesins such as intimin—to further reduce bacterial attachment and colonization. Reduced expression or deficiency of LYPD8 is associated with increased bacterial invasion, heightened inflammatory responses, and a predisposition to colitis, while its restoration or supplementation has been shown to ameliorate inflammation and may even suppress tumor-promoting cytokine production in colorectal cancer. In other contexts, such as in the epididymis, elevated expression of LYPD8 contributes to antimicrobial defenses against uropathogenic bacteria. Collectively, these functions highlight LYPD8 as a key effector molecule in epithelial barrier function, innate immunity, and as a potential therapeutic target for inflammatory bowel diseases and related disorders."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "6"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Ryu Okumura, Takashi Kurakawa, Takashi Nakano, et al. 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"}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "LYPD8 regulates the proliferation and migration of colorectal cancer cells through inhibiting the secretion of IL‑6 and TNF‑α."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Oncol Rep (2019)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.3892/or.2019.7034"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2019.7034"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "30816524"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30816524"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 5, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Chiao-Ching Hsu, Ryu Okumura, Kiyoshi Takeda "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Human LYPD8 protein inhibits motility of flagellated bacteria."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Inflamm Regen (2017)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1186/s41232-017-0056-3"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s41232-017-0056-3"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "29259722"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29259722"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 6, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Britta Klein, Sudhanshu Bhushan, Stefan Günther, et al. 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