{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n MAD2L1 is a core component of the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) that safeguards genomic integrity during cell division. By binding to CDC20 as part of the mitotic checkpoint complex, MAD2L1 functions to delay anaphase onset until all chromosomes have achieved proper microtubule attachment, thereby preventing premature progression through mitosis. Dysregulation of MAD2L1—often observed as its overexpression—has been linked to chromosomal instability and aggressive tumor behavior in several malignancies, including breast cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, renal cell carcinoma, and Burkitt lymphoma. In these tumors, high MAD2L1 levels correlate with defects in cell cycle control, aneuploidy, and increased resistance to cytotoxic treatments such as radiation. In addition, MAD2L1 expression is modulated by multiple layers of regulation. For example, certain microRNAs (such as miR‑28 and miR‑200c‑5p) and translational regulators (e.g. eIF3e) have been shown to target MAD2L1, thereby influencing mitotic fidelity and cell proliferation. Together, these findings highlight the pivotal role of MAD2L1 in coordinating mitotic progression and its potential as both a prognostic biomarker and a therapeutic target in cancers where aberrant checkpoint signaling contributes to disease progression.\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Citations:."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "13"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nifang Niu, Yuxin Qin, Brooke L Fridley, et al. 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