{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nRecent studies have highlighted the critical roles played by neuron‐derived factors in modulating sensory perception, tissue repair, and immune responses. For example, the neuropeptide TAFA4, expressed in a subset of C‐low threshold mechanoreceptors, has been demonstrated to regulate pain sensitivity, promote anti‐inflammatory macrophage functions, and even modulate mast cell activation in allergic responses. These complementary findings underscore the emerging paradigm that neuroimmune interactions are central to maintaining tissue homeostasis and alleviating pathology."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "4"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nIn contrast to the extensive characterization of TAFA4, a distinct study has begun to elucidate the function of the membrane-bound O-acyltransferase domain-containing 1 (MBOAT1) protein. In this investigation, a homozygous missense variant (c.770C>T, p.Thr257Met) in the MBOAT1 gene was identified in a patient with nonobstructive azoospermia—a leading cause of male infertility. The pathogenicity of this variant was supported by its high evolutionary conservation and the observation that the patient’s MBOAT1 mRNA levels were markedly reduced compared to a control, implicating MBOAT1 in the proper regulation of spermatogenesis."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "5"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nCollectively, these findings suggest that while factors like TAFA4 mediate neuroimmune communication and sensory regulation, MBOAT1 may serve an indispensable function in reproductive biology. Disruption of MBOAT1’s normal activity appears to impair spermatogenesis, leading to severe infertility. These insights not only advance our understanding of the molecular determinants underlying male reproductive health but also pave the way for new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for nonobstructive azoospermia."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "5"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Marie-Claire Delfini, Annabelle Mantilleri, Stéphane Gaillard, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "TAFA4, a chemokine-like protein, modulates injury-induced mechanical and chemical pain hypersensitivity in mice."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cell Rep (2013)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.celrep.2013.09.013"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2013.09.013"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "24139797"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24139797"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Guillaume Hoeffel, Guilhaume Debroas, Anais Roger, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Sensory neuron-derived TAFA4 promotes macrophage tissue repair functions."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nature (2021)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/s41586-021-03563-7"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03563-7"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "34012116"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34012116"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Sungjae Yoo, Catarina Santos, Ana Reynders, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "TAFA4 relieves injury-induced mechanical hypersensitivity through LDL receptors and modulation of spinal A-type K"}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "sup"}], "href": "sup"}, {"type": "t", "text": "+"}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "/sup"}], "href": "/sup"}, {"type": "t", "text": " current."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cell Rep (2021)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109884"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109884"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "34706225"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34706225"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Caijie Zhou, Meihua Li, Yu Liu, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Signals from the TAFA4-PTEN-PU.1 axis alleviate nasal allergy by modulating the expression of FcεRI in mast cells."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Clin Exp Immunol (2023)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1093/cei/uxac097"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1093/cei/uxac097"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "36368013"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36368013"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 5, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Yang-Yang Wan, Lan Guo, Yao Yao, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "i"}], "href": "i"}, {"type": "t", "text": "MBOAT1"}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "/i"}], "href": "/i"}, {"type": "t", "text": " homozygous missense variant causes nonobstructive azoospermia."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Asian J Androl (2022)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.4103/aja202160"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.4103/aja202160"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "34596601"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34596601"}]}]}]}