{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nHigh Mobility Group N (HMGN) proteins are non‐histone nuclear proteins that bind directly to nucleosome core particles, thereby modulating chromatin architecture independently of DNA sequence or histone tail modifications."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " This intrinsic binding facilitates the unfolding of chromatin fibers, ensuring promoter accessibility and proper transcription factor binding at key regulatory elements.\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nIn developmental and cellular contexts, HMGNs have been shown to influence the dynamics of the epigenetic landscape. They slow cellular reprogramming by stabilizing cell identity, regulate embryonic development and differentiation—including neural progenitor cell expansion, erythroid cell maturation, and tooth and enamel formation—and fine‐tune transcription factor activities by direct protein–protein interactions."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "3", "end_ref": "8"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Furthermore, HMGN2 contributes to stress and immune responses by modulating autophagy and the expression of antimicrobial peptides, thereby shaping the host defense against pathogens."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "9", "end_ref": "11"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nIn contrast to the HMGN proteins, Magnesium-Dependent Phosphatase-1 (MDP1) appears to serve a distinct cellular role. Evidence from studies in gastric carcinoma patients indicates that MDP1 is implicated in protein glycosylation processes involved in protein repair, with its functional alterations being associated with broader metabolic networks in both normal physiology and disease states."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "12"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Although less extensively characterized than the HMGN family, MDP1’s involvement in protein repair mechanisms suggests its potential as a biomarker and regulatory element within pathological contexts, such as cancer.\n"}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Tetsuya Ueda, Frédéric Catez, Gabi Gerlitz, et al. 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