MLF2 Gene

Name	myeloid leukemia factor 2
Description	Predicted to be involved in regulation of DNA-templated transcription. Located in membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]
Summary	{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nRecent studies have identified MLF2 as a multifunctional protein with diverse roles in cancer biology. In breast cancer, loss‐of‐function assays show that MLF2 is critical for maintaining breast cancer stem cell self‐renewal, with its knockdown leading to reduced tumor volume, metastasis and an associated decrease in cancer stem cell markers, while damaging mutations in MLF2 are linked to more rapid pulmonary metastasis. Similarly, in chronic myelogenous leukemia, phosphorylation of MLF2 at serine 24 is required to sustain its oncogenic functions, enhancing cell proliferation and colony formation and modulating sensitivity to imatinib."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "MLF2 is also implicated in the regulation of nuclear envelope dynamics. Proteomics and live-cell imaging studies have identified MLF2 as a luminal component of nuclear envelope blebs that emerge rapidly and synchronously upon nuclear envelope reformation during mitosis. These findings suggest that MLF2 marks aberrant intermediates in nuclear pore complex biogenesis, particularly under conditions of compromised Torsin ATPase activity."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "Further, MLF2 plays additional roles in modulating protein aggregate dynamics and its own protein stability. Investigations in Huntington's disease models reveal that MLF2 preferentially interacts with mutant Huntingtin aggregates, facilitating their increased mobility and releasing trapped transcription factors to ameliorate aggregate-induced toxicity. Complementary work demonstrates that MLF2 levels are tightly regulated by the antagonistic actions of the CRL4DCAF8 E3 ubiquitin ligase complex and the deubiquitinating enzyme USP11, a regulatory mechanism that may impact its function in various cancers."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "4"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ""}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Bhuvanesh Dave, Sergio Granados-Principal, Rui Zhu, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Targeting RPL39 and MLF2 reduces tumor initiation and metastasis in breast cancer by inhibiting nitric oxide synthase signaling."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2014)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1073/pnas.1320769111"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1320769111"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "24876273"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24876273"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Juhua Yang, Donglin Cao, Yanrong Zhang, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "The role of phosphorylation of MLF2 at serine 24 in BCR-ABL leukemogenesis."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cancer Gene Ther (2020)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/s41417-019-0152-4"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41417-019-0152-4"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "31831854"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31831854"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Anthony J Rampello, Ethan Laudermilch, Nidhi Vishnoi, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Torsin ATPase deficiency leads to defects in nuclear pore biogenesis and sequestration of MLF2."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Cell Biol (2020)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1083/jcb.201910185"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201910185"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "32342107"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32342107"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Manisha Banerjee, Moumita Datta, Nitai P Bhattacharyya "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Modulation of mutant Huntingtin aggregates and toxicity by human myeloid leukemia factors."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Int J Biochem Cell Biol (2017)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.biocel.2016.11.008"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocel.2016.11.008"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "27840155"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27840155"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 5, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Daoyuan Huang, Cheng Liu, Xiwen Sun, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "CRL4"}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "sup"}], "href": "sup"}, {"type": "t", "text": "DCAF8"}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "/sup"}], "href": "/sup"}, {"type": "t", "text": " and USP11 oppositely regulate the stability of myeloid leukemia factors (MLFs)."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Biochem Biophys Res Commun (2020)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.05.186"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.05.186"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "32703400"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32703400"}]}]}]}
Synonyms	NTN4
Proteins	MLF2_HUMAN
NCBI Gene ID	8079
API
Download Associations
Predicted Functions
Co-expressed Genes
Expression in Tissues and Cell Lines

Functional Associations

MLF2 has 7,744 functional associations with biological entities spanning 9 categories (molecular profile, organism, chemical, functional term, phrase or reference, disease, phenotype or trait, structural feature, cell line, cell type or tissue, gene, protein or microRNA, sequence feature) extracted from 123 datasets.

Click the + buttons to view associations for MLF2 from the datasets below.

If available, associations are ranked by standardized value

Harmonizome 3.0

MLF2 Gene

Functional Associations

Please acknowledge the Harmonizome in your publications by citing the following reference(s):

	Dataset	Summary
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of MLF2 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of MLF2 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles	tissue samples with high or low expression of MLF2 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray	tissue samples with high or low expression of MLF2 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq	tissue samples with high or low expression of MLF2 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of MLF2 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of MLF2 gene relative to other cell lines from the BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of MLF2 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of MLF2 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Carcinogenome Chemical Perturbation Carcinogenicity Signatures	small molecule perturbations changing expression of MLF2 gene from the Carcinogenome Chemical Perturbation Carcinogenicity Signatures dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of MLF2 gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of MLF2 gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Proteomics	Cell lines associated with MLF2 protein from the CCLE Cell Line Proteomics dataset.
	CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations	cell types associated with MLF2 gene from the CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of MLF2 gene from the CHEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of MLF2 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022	transcription factors binding the promoter of MLF2 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022 dataset.
	CM4AI U2OS Cell Map Protein Localization Assemblies	assemblies containing MLF2 protein from integrated AP-MS and IF data from the CM4AI U2OS Cell Map Protein Localization Assemblies dataset.
	CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules	small molecule perturbations changing expression of MLF2 gene from the CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components containing MLF2 protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components containing MLF2 protein in low- or high-throughput protein localization assays from the COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components containing MLF2 protein in low- or high-throughput protein localization assays from the COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components co-occuring with MLF2 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components co-occuring with MLF2 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of MLF2 gene relative to other cell lines from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles	cell lines with MLF2 gene mutations from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles dataset.
	CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions	chemicals interacting with MLF2 gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions dataset.
	CTD Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with MLF2 gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency	cell lines with fitness changed by MLF2 gene knockdown relative to other cell lines from the DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency dataset.
	DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases associated with MLF2 gene in GWAS datasets from the DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores	diseases co-occuring with MLF2 gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases co-occuring with MLF2 gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with MLF2 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Phenotype Associations	phenotypes associated with MLF2 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Phenoptype Associations dataset.
	ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles	histone modification site profiles with high histone modification abundance at MLF2 gene from the ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles dataset.
	ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of MLF2 gene from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of MLF2 gene in ChIP-seq datasets from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells	PubMedIDs of publications reporting gene signatures containing MLF2 from the ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells dataset.
	GAD Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with MLF2 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	GAD High Level Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with MLF2 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD High Level Gene-Disease Associations dataset.