MRPS23 Gene

HGNC Family	Mitochondrial ribosomal proteins (MRPL, MRPS)
Name	mitochondrial ribosomal protein S23
Description	Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. This gene encodes a 28S subunit protein. A pseudogene corresponding to this gene is found on chromosome 7p. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Summary	{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nMRPS23 is a mitochondrial ribosomal protein with multifaceted roles in cancer biology. In breast cancer, post‐translational modifications play a critical role in modulating its function: methylation at arginine 21 accelerates its polyubiquitin‐dependent degradation (thereby reducing oxidative phosphorylation [OXPHOS] and elevating mitochondrial reactive oxygen species to promote metastasis), whereas methylation at lysine 108 enhances its stability to support cell survival through OXPHOS regulation. Moreover, alterations in MRPS23 copy number and its overexpression have been associated with luminal breast cancer proliferation, while its nuclear localization and protein interactions (including with p53 and RIPK3) further underscore its pro‐tumorigenic potential."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ""}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nPhosphorylation of MRPS23 adds another layer of regulation to its oncogenic function. Specifically, phosphorylation at serine 11—mediated by CDK11A and by CDK1—has been shown to promote breast cancer cell proliferation and survival by enhancing the activity of key pathways such as PI3K–AKT and antiapoptotic signaling (involving proteins like Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, and MCL-1). This post-translational modification further confirms MRPS23’s role as a driver in luminal subtypes of breast cancer."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "4"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ""}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nBeyond its involvement in cancer, MRPS23 has been implicated in mitochondrial disorders. A pathogenic germline variant (p.P40L) in MRPS23 was identified in several patients presenting with developmental delay, hypoglycemia, lactic acidosis, and combined deficiencies of respiratory chain complexes, thereby establishing MRPS23 as a gene of clinical importance in mitochondrial disease. Additionally, overexpression of MRPS23 in gliomas has been correlated with aggressive tumor features, poorer prognosis, and enhanced proliferation, migration, and immune-related signaling, suggesting a potential therapeutic target in these malignancies."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "5"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ""}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Lingxia Liu, Xiliu Zhang, Huayi Ding, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Arginine and lysine methylation of MRPS23 promotes breast cancer metastasis through regulating OXPHOS."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Oncogene (2021)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/s41388-021-01785-7"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41388-021-01785-7"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "33927350"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33927350"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Elise Klæstad, Signe Opdahl, Monica Jernberg Engstrøm, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "MRPS23 amplification and gene expression in breast cancer; association with proliferation and the non-basal subtypes."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Breast Cancer Res Treat (2020)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1007/s10549-020-05532-6"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10549-020-05532-6"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "31950385"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31950385"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Revathi Paramasivam Oviya, Gopisetty Gopal, Sunder Singh Shirley, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mitochondrial ribosomal small subunit proteins (MRPS) MRPS6 and MRPS23 show dysregulation in breast cancer affecting tumorigenic cellular processes."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Gene (2021)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.gene.2021.145697"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gene.2021.145697"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "33964376"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33964376"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Revathi Paramasivam Oviya, Krishna Priya Thangaretnam, Balaji Ramachandran, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mitochondrial ribosomal small subunit (MRPS) MRPS23 protein-protein interaction reveals phosphorylation by CDK11-p58 affecting cell proliferation and knockdown of MRPS23 sensitizes breast cancer cells to CDK1 inhibitors."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mol Biol Rep (2022)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1007/s11033-022-07842-y"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-022-07842-y"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "35962848"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35962848"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 5, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Chupong Ittiwut, Rungnapa Ittiwut, Chulaluck Kuptanon, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Genetic, metabolic and clinical delineation of an MRPS23-associated mitochondrial disorder."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Sci Rep (2023)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/s41598-023-49161-7"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-49161-7"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "38086984"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38086984"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 6, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Qiang Wang, Guiqing Chen, Liang Liu, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "MRPS23 is a novel prognostic biomarker and promotes glioma progression."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Aging (Albany NY) (2024)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.18632/aging.205493"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.205493"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "38301044"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38301044"}]}]}]}
Synonyms	HSPC329, CGI-138, MRP-S23
Proteins	RT23_HUMAN
NCBI Gene ID	51649
API
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Predicted Functions
Co-expressed Genes
Expression in Tissues and Cell Lines

Functional Associations

MRPS23 has 6,146 functional associations with biological entities spanning 9 categories (molecular profile, organism, functional term, phrase or reference, disease, phenotype or trait, chemical, structural feature, cell line, cell type or tissue, gene, protein or microRNA, sequence feature) extracted from 105 datasets.

Click the + buttons to view associations for MRPS23 from the datasets below.

If available, associations are ranked by standardized value

Harmonizome 3.0

MRPS23 Gene

Functional Associations

Please acknowledge the Harmonizome in your publications by citing the following reference(s):

	Dataset	Summary
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of MRPS23 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of MRPS23 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles	tissue samples with high or low expression of MRPS23 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray	tissue samples with high or low expression of MRPS23 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq	tissue samples with high or low expression of MRPS23 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of MRPS23 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of MRPS23 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of MRPS23 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of MRPS23 gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of MRPS23 gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Proteomics	Cell lines associated with MRPS23 protein from the CCLE Cell Line Proteomics dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of MRPS23 gene from the CHEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of MRPS23 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022	transcription factors binding the promoter of MRPS23 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022 dataset.
	CM4AI U2OS Cell Map Protein Localization Assemblies	assemblies containing MRPS23 protein from integrated AP-MS and IF data from the CM4AI U2OS Cell Map Protein Localization Assemblies dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components containing MRPS23 protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components containing MRPS23 protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components containing MRPS23 protein in low- or high-throughput protein localization assays from the COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components containing MRPS23 protein in low- or high-throughput protein localization assays from the COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components co-occuring with MRPS23 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	CORUM Protein Complexes	protein complexs containing MRPS23 protein from the CORUM Protein Complexes dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of MRPS23 gene relative to other cell lines from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles	cell lines with MRPS23 gene mutations from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles dataset.
	CTD Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with MRPS23 gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	DeepCoverMOA Drug Mechanisms of Action	small molecule perturbations with high or low expression of MRPS23 protein relative to other small molecule perturbations from the DeepCoverMOA Drug Mechanisms of Action dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores	diseases co-occuring with MRPS23 gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases co-occuring with MRPS23 gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with MRPS23 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Phenotype Associations	phenotypes associated with MRPS23 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Phenoptype Associations dataset.
	ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles	histone modification site profiles with high histone modification abundance at MRPS23 gene from the ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles dataset.
	ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of MRPS23 gene from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of MRPS23 gene in ChIP-seq datasets from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells	PubMedIDs of publications reporting gene signatures containing MRPS23 from the ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells dataset.
	GAD Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with MRPS23 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	GAD High Level Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with MRPS23 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD High Level Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	GeneSigDB Published Gene Signatures	PubMedIDs of publications reporting gene signatures containing MRPS23 from the GeneSigDB Published Gene Signatures dataset.
	GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Diseases	disease perturbations changing expression of MRPS23 gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Diseases dataset.
	GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Gene Perturbations	gene perturbations changing expression of MRPS23 gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Gene Perturbations dataset.
	GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Kinase Perturbations	kinase perturbations changing expression of MRPS23 gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Kinase Perturbations dataset.
	GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules	small molecule perturbations changing expression of MRPS23 gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules dataset.