{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nMYO15A encodes an unconventional myosin, Myosin XVa, that is essential for the development and maintenance of the actin‐based stereocilia of inner ear hair cells—the key organelles responsible for converting mechanical sound vibrations into neural signals. Multiple studies have demonstrated that Myosin XVa localizes to the tips of stereocilia, where it collaborates with proteins such as whirlin and Eps8 to regulate stereocilia elongation and organization, a process critical for proper mechanotransduction and auditory function. Mutations in MYO15A disrupt this trafficking and assembly process and are a well‐established cause of autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss (DFNB3)."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "8"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nExtensive genetic studies across diverse populations have revealed a broad and heterogeneous spectrum of MYO15A mutations that underlie variable auditory phenotypes. Investigations using next‐generation sequencing, linkage analysis, and targeted mutation screening in families from Iran, Turkey, China, Taiwan, Oman, Morocco, and other regions have not only confirmed MYO15A’s pivotal role in hearing but have also uncovered correlations between affected protein domains and clinical severity. In particular, mutations outside the unique N‐terminal extension are often associated with congenital severe-to-profound deafness, whereas variants in the N-terminal region or second FERM domain may result in a milder or progressive phenotype. These studies underscore the importance of genotype–phenotype correlations for prognostication and for tailoring rehabilitative strategies such as early cochlear implantation or hearing-aid management."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "9", "end_ref": "33"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nComplementary mechanistic studies have dissected the biochemical properties of the MYO15A motor domain, revealing its kinetic parameters—including a moderate duty ratio and specific interactions with actin—that are consistent with a role in processive cargo transport within stereocilia. Furthermore, emerging evidence suggests that multivalent interactions involving the Myosin XVa–whirlin–Eps8 complex may drive the formation of specialized condensates via liquid–liquid phase separation, a process that promotes actin bundling and proper stereocilia architecture. Intriguingly, non-auditory roles for MYO15A have also been proposed, with studies hinting at its participation in intracellular trafficking in endocrine cells and even its potential association with tumor marker expression."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "34", "end_ref": "37"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nevra Nal, Zubair M Ahmed, Engin Erkal, et al. 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