{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nMYO5C, a member of the class V myosin family, possesses unique kinetic and structural features that distinguish it from its paralogues. Biochemical studies reveal that MYO5C exhibits a low duty ratio, spending most of its ATPase cycle in weak actin‐binding states, which underlies its nonprocessive behavior on single actin filaments. However, adaptations in its lever arm/rod region allow MYO5C to take variable and even backward steps, and when operating on actin bundles or in teams its cargo transport becomes processive. Structural analyses further show that its conserved globular tail domain not only mediates selective cargo recognition but also contributes to autoinhibitory regulation via isoform‐specific interactions, underscoring its specialized motor function."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "5"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\nMYO5C plays a pivotal role in intracellular membrane trafficking and secretion. In various cell types, including exocrine and endocrine cells, MYO5C localizes to distinct secretory compartments such as small puncta and tubules, where it associates with secretory granule markers (e.g., chromogranin A, Rab27b) and vesicular regulators (e.g., Rab8a, Rab3A). This targeting enables MYO5C to mediate key processes such as melanosome biogenesis, facilitate the release of dengue virus particles, and promote the assembly of actin rings at endothelial Weibel–Palade bodies to regulate the exocytosis of von Willebrand factor. Its specific interactions with Rab GTPases further refine cargo selection and intracellular routing."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "6", "end_ref": "11"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\nEmerging evidence also implicates MYO5C in human disease. Isoform‐specific regulatory mechanisms—including distinct autoinhibitory interactions mediated by the globular tail—emphasize MYO5C’s evolutionary divergence within the myosin V family. Moreover, the discovery of a homozygous variant in MYO5C in a patient with sensorineural hearing loss suggests a potential novel role for MYO5C in auditory function, expanding the spectrum of its physiological relevance."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "12"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Shinya Watanabe, Tomonobu M Watanabe, Osamu Sato, et al. 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