Name | myocardin |
Description | This gene encodes a nuclear protein, which is expressed in heart, aorta, and in smooth muscle cell-containing tissues. It functions as a transcriptional co-activator of serum response factor (SRF) and modulates expression of cardiac and smooth muscle-specific SRF-target genes, and thus may play a crucial role in cardiogenesis and differentiation of the smooth muscle cell lineage. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009] |
Summary |
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In addition, MYOCD’s partnership with SRF is essential for activating smooth muscle–specific genes and for maintaining the contractile phenotype, a function that is reinforced by its ability to modulate microRNA expression and to influence ion channel (e.g., KCNMB1) transcription."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "6"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ""}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nIn the vascular context, MYOCD plays a central role in controlling phenotype modulation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and thereby influencing vascular tone, contractility, and remodeling. Aberrant MYOCD activity in cerebral VSMCs may trigger a hypercontractile state and impair amyloid‑β clearance in Alzheimer’s disease, while its interplay with signaling molecules such as STAT3 and transcriptional repressors (e.g., TEAD1) regulates the switch between a contractile and synthetic phenotype that is critical in atherosclerosis and other vascular hyperproliferative disorders. These studies illustrate that the balance of MYOCD activity is key to maintaining vascular homeostasis and that disruption of its regulatory network can contribute to cerebrovascular dysfunction and vascular disease progression."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "7", "end_ref": "14"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ""}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nBeyond its classical role in muscle differentiation, MYOCD has emerged as a critical modulator in diverse pathological settings including oncogenesis, fibrotic remodeling, and congenital disorders. Reduced MYOCD expression has been implicated in malignant transformation—where its restoration can drive differentiation and suppress proliferation in sarcomas and breast cancer cells—while its deregulation may promote epithelial–mesenchymal transition and metastasis in non–small cell lung cancer. Moreover, genetic variants and post‑translational modifications affecting MYOCD have been linked to developmental anomalies such as congenital megabladder and to altered cellular responses (e.g., via ERK1/2 phosphorylation or proteasomal turnover) that influence cell cycle progression, fibroblast–to–cardiomyocyte reprogramming, and cholesterol homeostasis in atherosclerosis. These findings underscore the pleiotropic roles of MYOCD and its integration into complex transcriptional and signaling networks."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "15", "end_ref": "33"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ""}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Kevin L Du, Hon S Ip, Jian Li, et al. 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"}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Myocardin inhibited the gap protein connexin 43 via promoted miR-206 to regulate vascular smooth muscle cell phenotypic switch."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Gene (2017)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.gene.2017.03.029"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gene.2017.03.029"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "28342807"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28342807"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 32, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Arjan C Houweling, Glenda M Beaman, Alex V Postma, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Loss-of-function variants in myocardin cause congenital megabladder in humans and mice."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Clin Invest (2019)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1172/JCI128545"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI128545"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "31513549"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31513549"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 33, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Xiao-Dan Xia, Xiao-Hua Yu, Ling-Yan Chen, et al. 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Synonyms | MYCD |
Proteins | MYCD_HUMAN |
NCBI Gene ID | 93649 |
API | |
Download Associations | |
Predicted Functions |
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Co-expressed Genes |
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Expression in Tissues and Cell Lines |
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MYOCD has 5,293 functional associations with biological entities spanning 8 categories (molecular profile, organism, functional term, phrase or reference, chemical, disease, phenotype or trait, structural feature, cell line, cell type or tissue, gene, protein or microRNA) extracted from 103 datasets.
Click the + buttons to view associations for MYOCD from the datasets below.
If available, associations are ranked by standardized value
Dataset | Summary | |
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Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles | tissues with high or low expression of MYOCD gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray | tissue samples with high or low expression of MYOCD gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray dataset. | |
Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq | tissue samples with high or low expression of MYOCD gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq dataset. | |
BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles | cell types and tissues with high or low expression of MYOCD gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles | cell types and tissues with high or low expression of MYOCD gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles | cell lines with high or low copy number of MYOCD gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset. | |
CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles | cell lines with high or low expression of MYOCD gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations | cell types associated with MYOCD gene from the CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations dataset. | |
ChEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles | transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of MYOCD gene from the CHEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset. | |
ChEA Transcription Factor Targets | transcription factors binding the promoter of MYOCD gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets dataset. | |
ChEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022 | transcription factors binding the promoter of MYOCD gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022 dataset. | |
COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores | cellular components containing MYOCD protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset. | |
COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores | cellular components co-occuring with MYOCD protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset. | |
COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 | cellular components co-occuring with MYOCD protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset. | |
CORUM Protein Complexes | protein complexs containing MYOCD protein from the CORUM Protein Complexes dataset. | |
COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles | cell lines with high or low copy number of MYOCD gene relative to other cell lines from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset. | |
COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles | cell lines with MYOCD gene mutations from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles dataset. | |
CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions | chemicals interacting with MYOCD gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions dataset. | |
CTD Gene-Disease Associations | diseases associated with MYOCD gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Disease Associations dataset. | |
dbGAP Gene-Trait Associations | traits associated with MYOCD gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the dbGAP Gene-Trait Associations dataset. | |
DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency | cell lines with fitness changed by MYOCD gene knockdown relative to other cell lines from the DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency dataset. | |
DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores | diseases associated with MYOCD gene in GWAS datasets from the DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset. | |
DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025 | diseases associated with MYOCD gene in GWAS datasets from the DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset. | |
DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores | diseases co-occuring with MYOCD gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset. | |
DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025 | diseases co-occuring with MYOCD gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset. | |
DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations | diseases associated with MYOCD gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations dataset. | |
DisGeNET Gene-Phenotype Associations | phenotypes associated with MYOCD gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Phenoptype Associations dataset. | |
ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles | histone modification site profiles with high histone modification abundance at MYOCD gene from the ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles dataset. | |
ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles | transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of MYOCD gene from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset. | |
ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets | transcription factors binding the promoter of MYOCD gene in ChIP-seq datasets from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets dataset. | |
ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells | PubMedIDs of publications reporting gene signatures containing MYOCD from the ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells dataset. | |
GAD Gene-Disease Associations | diseases associated with MYOCD gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD Gene-Disease Associations dataset. | |
GeneRIF Biological Term Annotations | biological terms co-occuring with MYOCD gene in literature-supported statements describing functions of genes from the GeneRIF Biological Term Annotations dataset. | |
GeneSigDB Published Gene Signatures | PubMedIDs of publications reporting gene signatures containing MYOCD from the GeneSigDB Published Gene Signatures dataset. | |
GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Diseases | disease perturbations changing expression of MYOCD gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Diseases dataset. | |
GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Gene Perturbations | gene perturbations changing expression of MYOCD gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Gene Perturbations dataset. | |
GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Kinase Perturbations | kinase perturbations changing expression of MYOCD gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Kinase Perturbations dataset. | |
GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules | small molecule perturbations changing expression of MYOCD gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules dataset. | |
GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Transcription Factor Perturbations | transcription factor perturbations changing expression of MYOCD gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Transcription Factor Perturbations dataset. | |
GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Viral Infections | virus perturbations changing expression of MYOCD gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Viral Infections dataset. | |
GO Biological Process Annotations 2015 | biological processes involving MYOCD gene from the curated GO Biological Process Annotations 2015 dataset. | |
GO Biological Process Annotations 2023 | biological processes involving MYOCD gene from the curated GO Biological Process Annotations 2023 dataset. | |
GO Biological Process Annotations 2025 | biological processes involving MYOCD gene from the curated GO Biological Process Annotations2025 dataset. | |
GO Cellular Component Annotations 2015 | cellular components containing MYOCD protein from the curated GO Cellular Component Annotations 2015 dataset. | |
GO Cellular Component Annotations 2023 | cellular components containing MYOCD protein from the curated GO Cellular Component Annotations 2023 dataset. | |
GO Cellular Component Annotations 2025 | cellular components containing MYOCD protein from the curated GO Cellular Component Annotations 2025 dataset. | |
GO Molecular Function Annotations 2015 | molecular functions performed by MYOCD gene from the curated GO Molecular Function Annotations 2015 dataset. | |
GO Molecular Function Annotations 2023 | molecular functions performed by MYOCD gene from the curated GO Molecular Function Annotations 2023 dataset. | |
GO Molecular Function Annotations 2025 | molecular functions performed by MYOCD gene from the curated GO Molecular Function Annotations 2025 dataset. | |
GTEx Tissue Gene Expression Profiles | tissues with high or low expression of MYOCD gene relative to other tissues from the GTEx Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
GTEx Tissue Gene Expression Profiles 2023 | tissues with high or low expression of MYOCD gene relative to other tissues from the GTEx Tissue Gene Expression Profiles 2023 dataset. | |
GTEx Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles | tissue samples with high or low expression of MYOCD gene relative to other tissue samples from the GTEx Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
GTEx Tissue-Specific Aging Signatures | tissue samples with high or low expression of MYOCD gene relative to other tissue samples from the GTEx Tissue-Specific Aging Signatures dataset. | |
GWAS Catalog SNP-Phenotype Associations | phenotypes associated with MYOCD gene in GWAS datasets from the GWAS Catalog SNP-Phenotype Associations dataset. | |
GWASdb SNP-Disease Associations | diseases associated with MYOCD gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GWASdb SNP-Disease Associations dataset. | |
GWASdb SNP-Phenotype Associations | phenotypes associated with MYOCD gene in GWAS datasets from the GWASdb SNP-Phenotype Associations dataset. | |
Heiser et al., PNAS, 2011 Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles | cell lines with high or low expression of MYOCD gene relative to other cell lines from the Heiser et al., PNAS, 2011 Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
HPA Tissue Gene Expression Profiles | tissues with high or low expression of MYOCD gene relative to other tissues from the HPA Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
HPA Tissue Protein Expression Profiles | tissues with high or low expression of MYOCD protein relative to other tissues from the HPA Tissue Protein Expression Profiles dataset. | |
HPA Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles | tissue samples with high or low expression of MYOCD gene relative to other tissue samples from the HPA Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
Hub Proteins Protein-Protein Interactions | interacting hub proteins for MYOCD from the curated Hub Proteins Protein-Protein Interactions dataset. | |
HuBMAP ASCT+B Annotations | cell types associated with MYOCD gene from the HuBMAP ASCT+B dataset. | |
HuBMAP ASCT+B Augmented with RNA-seq Coexpression | cell types associated with MYOCD gene from the HuBMAP ASCT+B Augmented with RNA-seq Coexpression dataset. | |
HuBMAP Azimuth Cell Type Annotations | cell types associated with MYOCD gene from the HuBMAP Azimuth Cell Type Annotations dataset. | |
HuGE Navigator Gene-Phenotype Associations | phenotypes associated with MYOCD gene by text-mining GWAS publications from the HuGE Navigator Gene-Phenotype Associations dataset. | |
InterPro Predicted Protein Domain Annotations | protein domains predicted for MYOCD protein from the InterPro Predicted Protein Domain Annotations dataset. | |
JASPAR Predicted Transcription Factor Targets | transcription factors regulating expression of MYOCD gene predicted using known transcription factor binding site motifs from the JASPAR Predicted Transcription Factor Targets dataset. | |
KEA Substrates of Kinases | kinases that phosphorylate MYOCD protein from the curated KEA Substrates of Kinases dataset. | |
Klijn et al., Nat. Biotechnol., 2015 Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles | cell lines with high or low copy number of MYOCD gene relative to other cell lines from the Klijn et al., Nat. Biotechnol., 2015 Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset. | |
Klijn et al., Nat. Biotechnol., 2015 Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles | cell lines with MYOCD gene mutations from the Klijn et al., Nat. Biotechnol., 2015 Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles dataset. | |
KnockTF Gene Expression Profiles with Transcription Factor Perturbations | transcription factor perturbations changing expression of MYOCD gene from the KnockTF Gene Expression Profiles with Transcription Factor Perturbations dataset. | |
LOCATE Curated Protein Localization Annotations | cellular components containing MYOCD protein in low- or high-throughput protein localization assays from the LOCATE Curated Protein Localization Annotations dataset. | |
LOCATE Predicted Protein Localization Annotations | cellular components predicted to contain MYOCD protein from the LOCATE Predicted Protein Localization Annotations dataset. | |
MGI Mouse Phenotype Associations 2023 | phenotypes of transgenic mice caused by MYOCD gene mutations from the MGI Mouse Phenotype Associations 2023 dataset. | |
MiRTarBase microRNA Targets | microRNAs targeting MYOCD gene in low- or high-throughput microRNA targeting studies from the MiRTarBase microRNA Targets dataset. | |
MotifMap Predicted Transcription Factor Targets | transcription factors regulating expression of MYOCD gene predicted using known transcription factor binding site motifs from the MotifMap Predicted Transcription Factor Targets dataset. | |
MoTrPAC Rat Endurance Exercise Training | tissue samples with high or low expression of MYOCD gene relative to other tissue samples from the MoTrPAC Rat Endurance Exercise Training dataset. | |
MPO Gene-Phenotype Associations | phenotypes of transgenic mice caused by MYOCD gene mutations from the MPO Gene-Phenotype Associations dataset. | |
MSigDB Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Cancer Gene Perturbations | gene perturbations changing expression of MYOCD gene from the MSigDB Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Cancer Gene Perturbations dataset. | |
Pathway Commons Protein-Protein Interactions | interacting proteins for MYOCD from the Pathway Commons Protein-Protein Interactions dataset. | |
PerturbAtlas Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Gene Perturbations | gene perturbations changing expression of MYOCD gene from the PerturbAtlas Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Gene Perturbations dataset. | |
PerturbAtlas Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Mouse Gene Perturbations | gene perturbations changing expression of MYOCD gene from the PerturbAtlas Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Gene Perturbations dataset. | |
PFOCR Pathway Figure Associations 2023 | pathways involving MYOCD protein from the PFOCR Pathway Figure Associations 2023 dataset. | |
PFOCR Pathway Figure Associations 2024 | pathways involving MYOCD protein from the Wikipathways PFOCR 2024 dataset. | |
Phosphosite Textmining Biological Term Annotations | biological terms co-occuring with MYOCD protein in abstracts of publications describing phosphosites from the Phosphosite Textmining Biological Term Annotations dataset. | |
PhosphoSitePlus Substrates of Kinases | kinases that phosphorylate MYOCD protein from the curated PhosphoSitePlus Substrates of Kinases dataset. | |
PID Pathways | pathways involving MYOCD protein from the PID Pathways dataset. | |
Reactome Pathways 2024 | pathways involving MYOCD protein from the Reactome Pathways 2024 dataset. | |
Roadmap Epigenomics Cell and Tissue DNA Methylation Profiles | cell types and tissues with high or low DNA methylation of MYOCD gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the Roadmap Epigenomics Cell and Tissue DNA Methylation Profiles dataset. | |
Roadmap Epigenomics Histone Modification Site Profiles | histone modification site profiles with high histone modification abundance at MYOCD gene from the Roadmap Epigenomics Histone Modification Site Profiles dataset. | |
RummaGEO Drug Perturbation Signatures | drug perturbations changing expression of MYOCD gene from the RummaGEO Drug Perturbation Signatures dataset. | |
RummaGEO Gene Perturbation Signatures | gene perturbations changing expression of MYOCD gene from the RummaGEO Gene Perturbation Signatures dataset. | |
Tabula Sapiens Gene-Cell Associations | cell types with high or low expression of MYOCD gene relative to other cell types from the Tabula Sapiens Gene-Cell Associations dataset. | |
TargetScan Predicted Conserved microRNA Targets | microRNAs regulating expression of MYOCD gene predicted using conserved miRNA seed sequences from the TargetScan Predicted Conserved microRNA Targets dataset. | |
TargetScan Predicted Nonconserved microRNA Targets | microRNAs regulating expression of MYOCD gene predicted using nonconserved miRNA seed sequences from the TargetScan Predicted Nonconserved microRNA Targets dataset. | |
TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors | tissue samples with high or low expression of MYOCD gene relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset. | |
TISSUES Curated Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores | tissues with high expression of MYOCD protein from the TISSUES Curated Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores dataset. | |
TISSUES Curated Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025 | tissues with high expression of MYOCD protein from the TISSUES Curated Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025 dataset. | |
TISSUES Experimental Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025 | tissues with high expression of MYOCD protein in proteomics datasets from the TISSUES Experimental Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025 dataset. | |
TISSUES Text-mining Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores | tissues co-occuring with MYOCD protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the TISSUES Text-mining Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores dataset. | |
TISSUES Text-mining Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025 | tissues co-occuring with MYOCD protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the TISSUES Text-mining Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025 dataset. | |
WikiPathways Pathways 2014 | pathways involving MYOCD protein from the Wikipathways Pathways 2014 dataset. | |
WikiPathways Pathways 2024 | pathways involving MYOCD protein from the WikiPathways Pathways 2024 dataset. | |