NFKBIB Gene

HGNC Family	Ankyrin repeat domain containing (ANKRD)
Name	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor, beta
Description	The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the NF-kappa-B inhibitor family, which inhibit NF-kappa-B by complexing with, and trapping it in the cytoplasm. Phosphorylation of serine residues on these proteins by kinases marks them for destruction via the ubiquitination pathway, thereby allowing activation of the NF-kappa-B, which translocates to the nucleus to function as a transcription factor. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Jul 2011]
Summary	{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nNFKBIB, which encodes the IκBβ protein, is one of the critical inhibitors that regulate nuclear factor‑kappaB (NF‑κB) activity by binding NF‑κB dimers and sequestering them in the cytoplasm. This inhibition is central to mounting appropriate immune responses, as highlighted by studies showing that key NF‑κB inhibitors—including NFKBIB—are fundamental for host defense mechanisms against bacterial infections."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nTissue‐specific roles for IκBβ have also been documented. In the human amnion during labor, increased expression of IκBβ (along with other NF‑κB binding proteins) is observed; its expression in both the cytosol and nucleus suggests that IκBβ may function not only to restrain NF‑κB activity but also to protect it from rapid inactivation by other inhibitors."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "2"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In parallel, studies in testicular tissue have demonstrated that IκBβ is expressed specifically during the haploid spermatid stage of spermatogenesis—with its transcription activated by Sox family proteins—implying a role for NFKBIB in regulating NF‑κB signaling during male germ cell development."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nBiochemical investigations reveal that IκBβ possesses unique post‑translational characteristics distinct from IκBα. Its phosphorylation by IKK occurs at sites localized to the C‑terminal region, and mutations at these sites increase resistance to proteasomal degradation, underscoring a specialized regulatory role in fine‑tuning NF‑κB signaling."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "4"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Functionally, IκBβ can counteract aberrant NF‑κB activation; for example, when transglutaminase 2 targets IκBα for polymerization and depletion, IκBβ (which is not a TGase2 substrate) remains to reverse the activation of NF‑κB in cancer cells."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "5"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Moreover, in the context of nasopharyngeal carcinoma, silencing of NFKBIB removes a tumor‐suppressive brake on NF‑κB signaling, leading to enhanced expression of angiogenic factors; this highlights a tumor suppressor role for NFKBIB in modulating the pro‑tumorigenic activity of NF‑κB."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "6"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Stephen J Chapman, Chiea C Khor, Fredrik O Vannberg, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "IkappaB genetic polymorphisms and invasive pneumococcal disease."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Am J Respir Crit Care Med (2007)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1164/rccm.200702-169OC"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.200702-169OC"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "17463416"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17463416"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Yooni Lee, Victoria Allport, Anna Sykes, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "The effects of labour and of interleukin 1 beta upon the expression of nuclear factor kappa B related proteins in human amnion."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mol Hum Reprod (2003)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1093/molehr/gag026"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1093/molehr/gag026"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "12651903"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12651903"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Lucy M Budde, Chun Wu, Christopher Tilman, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Regulation of IkappaBbeta expression in testis."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mol Biol Cell (2002)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1091/mbc.01-07-0373"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1091/mbc.01-07-0373"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "12475944"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12475944"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Shisako Shoji, Kazuharu Hanada, Masataka Takahashi, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "The NF-κB regulator IκBβ exhibits different molecular interactivity and phosphorylation status from IκBα in an IKK2-catalysed reaction."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "FEBS Lett (2020)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1002/1873-3468.13752"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/1873-3468.13752"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "32017069"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32017069"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 5, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Chen Cheng, Zhiyao Xing, Wenxin Zhang, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Iron regulatory protein 2 contributes to antimicrobial immunity by preserving lysosomal function in macrophages."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2024)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1073/pnas.2321929121"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2321929121"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "39047035"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39047035"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 6, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Yee Peng Phoon, Arthur Kwok Leung Cheung, Florence Man Fung Cheung, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "IKBB tumor suppressive role in nasopharyngeal carcinoma via NF-κB-mediated signalling."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Int J Cancer (2016)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1002/ijc.29702"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.29702"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "26227166"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26227166"}]}]}]}
Synonyms	IKBB, TRIP9
Proteins	IKBB_HUMAN
NCBI Gene ID	4793
API
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Predicted Functions
Co-expressed Genes
Expression in Tissues and Cell Lines

Functional Associations

NFKBIB has 7,436 functional associations with biological entities spanning 9 categories (molecular profile, organism, functional term, phrase or reference, chemical, disease, phenotype or trait, structural feature, cell line, cell type or tissue, gene, protein or microRNA, sequence feature) extracted from 121 datasets.

Click the + buttons to view associations for NFKBIB from the datasets below.

If available, associations are ranked by standardized value

Harmonizome 3.0

NFKBIB Gene

Functional Associations

Please acknowledge the Harmonizome in your publications by citing the following reference(s):

	Dataset	Summary
	Achilles Cell Line Gene Essentiality Profiles	cell lines with fitness changed by NFKBIB gene knockdown relative to other cell lines from the Achilles Cell Line Gene Essentiality Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of NFKBIB gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of NFKBIB gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles	tissue samples with high or low expression of NFKBIB gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray	tissue samples with high or low expression of NFKBIB gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq	tissue samples with high or low expression of NFKBIB gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of NFKBIB gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Biocarta Pathways	pathways involving NFKBIB protein from the Biocarta Pathways dataset.
	BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of NFKBIB gene relative to other cell lines from the BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of NFKBIB gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of NFKBIB gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of NFKBIB gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of NFKBIB gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Proteomics	Cell lines associated with NFKBIB protein from the CCLE Cell Line Proteomics dataset.
	CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations	cell types associated with NFKBIB gene from the CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of NFKBIB gene from the CHEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of NFKBIB gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022	transcription factors binding the promoter of NFKBIB gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022 dataset.
	CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules	small molecule perturbations changing expression of NFKBIB gene from the CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components containing NFKBIB protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components co-occuring with NFKBIB protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components co-occuring with NFKBIB protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	CORUM Protein Complexes	protein complexs containing NFKBIB protein from the CORUM Protein Complexes dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of NFKBIB gene relative to other cell lines from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles	cell lines with NFKBIB gene mutations from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles dataset.
	CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions	chemicals interacting with NFKBIB gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions dataset.
	CTD Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with NFKBIB gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	DeepCoverMOA Drug Mechanisms of Action	small molecule perturbations with high or low expression of NFKBIB protein relative to other small molecule perturbations from the DeepCoverMOA Drug Mechanisms of Action dataset.
	DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency	cell lines with fitness changed by NFKBIB gene knockdown relative to other cell lines from the DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores	diseases co-occuring with NFKBIB gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases co-occuring with NFKBIB gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with NFKBIB gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Phenotype Associations	phenotypes associated with NFKBIB gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Phenoptype Associations dataset.
	ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles	histone modification site profiles with high histone modification abundance at NFKBIB gene from the ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles dataset.
	ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of NFKBIB gene from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of NFKBIB gene in ChIP-seq datasets from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells	PubMedIDs of publications reporting gene signatures containing NFKBIB from the ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells dataset.
	GAD Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with NFKBIB gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	GAD High Level Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with NFKBIB gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD High Level Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	GDSC Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of NFKBIB gene relative to other cell lines from the GDSC Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.