NFRKB Gene

HGNC Family	INO80 complex subunits (INO80)
Name	nuclear factor related to kappaB binding protein
Description	Enables protease binding activity. Involved in several processes, including chromatin remodeling; regulation of chromosome organization; and regulation of nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process. Located in Ino80 complex and nucleoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]
Summary	{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nNFRKB is a metazoan‐specific subunit of the INO80 chromatin remodeling complex that plays a pivotal role in orchestrating nuclear processes such as transcription regulation, DNA repair, and maintenance of cell pluripotency. Although approximately 65% of its 1299‐residue structure is predicted to be disordered, its N‐terminal region harbors structured elements—including a winged‐helix–like domain that, unlike canonical DNA binders, likely mediates specific protein–protein interactions essential for remodeling activities. In addition, recent reviews have highlighted NFRKB’s multifaceted roles, including potential involvement in telomere protection and protein activity regulation."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ""}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nIn the context of immune regulation, NFRKB expression is dynamically modulated under pathological conditions. During relapse in minimal change nephrotic syndrome, for example, NFRKB is upregulated—particularly in CD4⁺ T cells and B cells—and undergoes post‐translational modifications such as sumoylation. This is accompanied by a striking shift from cytoplasmic to nuclear localization, where NFRKB activates signaling pathways (notably AP1 via upregulation of c‐jun) and promotes global hypomethylation of genomic DNA, thereby facilitating enhanced transcription factor binding through chromatin remodeling."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ""}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nBeyond its established functions in chromatin remodeling and immune modulation, NFRKB has also emerged as a key telomere‐associated protein in cancer cells that utilize the alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) mechanism. In human ALT cells, NFRKB localizes with telomeres to protect them from DNA damage, and its aberrant nuclear accumulation in hepatocellular carcinoma correlates with fewer PML bodies, shorter overall survival, and poorer prognosis. These findings point to the promise of NFRKB as a potential prognostic biomarker in liver cancer."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "4"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ""}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Abhinav Kumar, Sabine Möcklinghoff, Fumiaki Yumoto, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Structure of a novel winged-helix like domain from human NFRKB protein."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "PLoS One (2012)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1371/journal.pone.0043761"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0043761"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "22984442"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22984442"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Qiyao Peng, Dan Wan, Rongrong Zhou, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "The biological function of metazoan-specific subunit nuclear factor related to kappaB binding protein of INO80 complex."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Int J Biol Macromol (2022)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.01.155"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.01.155"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "35093437"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35093437"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Vincent Audard, André Pawlak, Marina Candelier, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Upregulation of nuclear factor-related kappa B suggests a disorder of transcriptional regulation in minimal change nephrotic syndrome."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "PLoS One (2012)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1371/journal.pone.0030523"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0030523"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "22291976"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22291976"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Qiyao Peng, Mingqing Zhou, Shanru Zuo, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nuclear Factor Related to KappaB Binding Protein ("}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "i"}], "href": "i"}, {"type": "t", "text": "NFRKB"}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "/i"}], "href": "/i"}, {"type": "t", "text": ") Is a Telomere-Associated Protein and Involved in Liver Cancer Development."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "DNA Cell Biol (2021)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1089/dna.2021.0486"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1089/dna.2021.0486"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "34591601"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34591601"}]}]}]}
Synonyms	INO80G
Proteins	NFRKB_HUMAN
NCBI Gene ID	4798
API
Download Associations
Predicted Functions
Co-expressed Genes
Expression in Tissues and Cell Lines

Functional Associations

NFRKB has 5,133 functional associations with biological entities spanning 9 categories (molecular profile, organism, chemical, functional term, phrase or reference, disease, phenotype or trait, structural feature, cell line, cell type or tissue, gene, protein or microRNA, sequence feature) extracted from 119 datasets.

Click the + buttons to view associations for NFRKB from the datasets below.

If available, associations are ranked by standardized value

Harmonizome 3.0

NFRKB Gene

Functional Associations

Please acknowledge the Harmonizome in your publications by citing the following reference(s):

	Dataset	Summary
	Achilles Cell Line Gene Essentiality Profiles	cell lines with fitness changed by NFRKB gene knockdown relative to other cell lines from the Achilles Cell Line Gene Essentiality Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of NFRKB gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of NFRKB gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles	tissue samples with high or low expression of NFRKB gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray	tissue samples with high or low expression of NFRKB gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq	tissue samples with high or low expression of NFRKB gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of NFRKB gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of NFRKB gene relative to other cell lines from the BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of NFRKB gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of NFRKB gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of NFRKB gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of NFRKB gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Proteomics	Cell lines associated with NFRKB protein from the CCLE Cell Line Proteomics dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of NFRKB gene from the CHEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of NFRKB gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022	transcription factors binding the promoter of NFRKB gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022 dataset.
	CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules	small molecule perturbations changing expression of NFRKB gene from the CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components containing NFRKB protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components containing NFRKB protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components containing NFRKB protein in low- or high-throughput protein localization assays from the COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components co-occuring with NFRKB protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components co-occuring with NFRKB protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	CORUM Protein Complexes	protein complexs containing NFRKB protein from the CORUM Protein Complexes dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of NFRKB gene relative to other cell lines from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles	cell lines with NFRKB gene mutations from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles dataset.
	CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions	chemicals interacting with NFRKB gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions dataset.
	CTD Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with NFRKB gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency	cell lines with fitness changed by NFRKB gene knockdown relative to other cell lines from the DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores	diseases co-occuring with NFRKB gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases co-occuring with NFRKB gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with NFRKB gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Phenotype Associations	phenotypes associated with NFRKB gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Phenoptype Associations dataset.
	ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles	histone modification site profiles with high histone modification abundance at NFRKB gene from the ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles dataset.
	ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of NFRKB gene from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of NFRKB gene in ChIP-seq datasets from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells	PubMedIDs of publications reporting gene signatures containing NFRKB from the ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells dataset.
	GAD Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with NFRKB gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	GAD High Level Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with NFRKB gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD High Level Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	GDSC Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of NFRKB gene relative to other cell lines from the GDSC Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	GeneRIF Biological Term Annotations	biological terms co-occuring with NFRKB gene in literature-supported statements describing functions of genes from the GeneRIF Biological Term Annotations dataset.