{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nNidogen‐1 (NID1) is a highly conserved basement membrane glycoprotein that functions as a structural linker connecting major matrix components such as laminin and collagen IV. This critical role in organizing and stabilizing the basement membrane has been demonstrated in embryonic and organotypic models, establishing the foundation for tissue integrity and proper organ development."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nIn various cancers, dysregulation of NID1 has emerged as a critical factor influencing tumor progression and metastatic potential. For example, in melanocytic nevi and melanoma, genetic variants in NID1 are associated with reduced nevus count and decreased melanoma risk, while lower expression levels correlate with benign and malignant lesions."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "4"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In endometrial cancer, NID1 is a direct transcriptional target of the oncogenic factor ETV5, and its inhibition reduces cell migration, invasion, and tumor dissemination."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "5"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Similarly, in ovarian cancer, high NID1 expression is linked to an epithelial-mesenchymal transition phenotype, increased motility, invasiveness, and chemoresistance through ERK/MAPK signaling."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "6"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Secretome analyses in breast cancer and melanoma also confirmed that secreted NID1 promotes lung metastasis by enhancing cancer cell migration, adhesion to the endothelium, and vascular tube formation, while its increased levels in saliva and tissues correlate with advanced oral squamous cell carcinoma and poor patient survival."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "7"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In the colon and brain, microRNA-mediated regulation of NID1 further influences tumor cell apoptosis and proliferation, with evidence from colorectal cancer and glioma studies underscoring its prognostic and functional significance."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "9", "end_ref": "11"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nProteolytic processing and posttranscriptional regulation are also central to NID1 function. Proteases such as cathepsin S and ADAMTS1 can cleave NID1, thereby disrupting its interactions with other basement membrane components and potentially altering vascular structure and tumor angiogenesis."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "12"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Moreover, studies in Hirschsprung disease have revealed that the miR-192/215 family directly targets NID1, indicating that microRNA-mediated downregulation of NID1 can affect cell migration and proliferation."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "14"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nBeyond cancer, mutations in NID1 can lead to developmental abnormalities. Rare heterozygous variants in NID1 have been linked to a spectrum of posterior fossa anomalies with occipital cephaloceles—conditions once grouped under Dandy-Walker malformation—highlighting the importance of NID1 in proper extracellular matrix assembly during neurodevelopment."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "15"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nAdditional roles for NID1 continue to be uncovered in various physiological and pathological contexts. In the bone marrow niche, NID1 is essential for retaining pro-B cells within the peri-sinusoidal microenvironment."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "17"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Differential expression of NID1 in the tumor stroma of basal cell carcinoma—as opposed to its reduction in squamous cell carcinoma—suggests a context-dependent role in modulating local invasiveness."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "18"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Furthermore, in obesity, increased secretion of NID1 by skeletal muscle fibro-adipogenic progenitors contributes to extracellular matrix remodeling, impairing muscle stem cell proliferation and promoting fibrogenic differentiation."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "19"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Viral modulation of NID1 has also been demonstrated in the context of human cytomegalovirus infection, where viral proteins target the NID1 gene to disrupt basement membrane integrity."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "20"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Emerging studies have extended NID1’s involvement to other areas such as cardiac remodeling"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "21"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ", the tumor microenvironment and potential blood biomarkers for metastasis"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "22"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ", as well as to diabetic kidney disease where extracellular matrix alterations are central to disease progression."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "24"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "N Miosge, S Holzhausen, C Zelent, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nidogen-1 and nidogen-2 are found in basement membranes during human embryonic development."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Histochem J (2001)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1023/a:1014995523521"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1014995523521"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "12005023"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12005023"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Roswitha Nischt, Cathrine Schmidt, Nicolae Mirancea, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Lack of nidogen-1 and -2 prevents basement membrane assembly in skin-organotypic coculture."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Invest Dermatol (2007)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/sj.jid.5700562"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.jid.5700562"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "17008882"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17008882"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Linda Ulazzi, Silvia Sabbioni, Elena Miotto, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nidogen 1 and 2 gene promoters are aberrantly methylated in human gastrointestinal cancer."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mol Cancer (2007)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1186/1476-4598-6-17"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1186/1476-4598-6-17"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "17328794"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17328794"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Hongmei Nan, Mousheng Xu, Jiangwen Zhang, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Genome-wide association study identifies nidogen 1 (NID1) as a susceptibility locus to cutaneous nevi and melanoma risk."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Hum Mol Genet (2011)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1093/hmg/ddr154"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddr154"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "21478494"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21478494"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 5, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Núria Pedrola, Laura Devis, Marta Llauradó, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nidogen 1 and Nuclear Protein 1: novel targets of ETV5 transcription factor involved in endometrial cancer invasion."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Clin Exp Metastasis (2015)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1007/s10585-015-9720-7"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10585-015-9720-7"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "25924802"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25924802"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 6, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Ya Zhou, Yuanyuan Zhu, Xiaoyan Fan, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "NID1, a new regulator of EMT required for metastasis and chemoresistance of ovarian cancer cells."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Oncotarget (2017)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.18632/oncotarget.16145"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.16145"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "28416770"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28416770"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 7, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Maša Alečković, Yong Wei, Gary LeRoy, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Identification of Nidogen 1 as a lung metastasis protein through secretome analysis."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Genes Dev (2017)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1101/gad.301937.117"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1101/gad.301937.117"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "28827399"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28827399"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 8, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Chia-Wei Hsu, Kai-Ping Chang, Yenlin Huang, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Proteomic Profiling of Paired Interstitial Fluids Reveals Dysregulated Pathways and Salivary NID1 as a Biomarker of Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mol Cell Proteomics (2019)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1074/mcp.RA119.001654"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1074/mcp.RA119.001654"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "31315917"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31315917"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 9, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nathalie Vaes, Simone L Schonkeren, Glenn Rademakers, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Loss of enteric neuronal Ndrg4 promotes colorectal cancer via increased release of Nid1 and Fbln2."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "EMBO Rep (2021)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.15252/embr.202051913"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.15252/embr.202051913"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "33890711"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33890711"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 10, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Xiaohe Xu, Yunchao Ban, Zilong Zhao, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "MicroRNA-1298-3p inhibits proliferation and invasion of glioma cells by downregulating Nidogen-1."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Aging (Albany NY) (2020)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.18632/aging.103087"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.103087"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "32355035"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32355035"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 11, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Baiwei Zhang, Cheng Xu, Junfeng Liu, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nidogen-1 expression is associated with overall survival and temozolomide sensitivity in low-grade glioma patients."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Aging (Albany NY) (2021)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.18632/aging.202789"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.202789"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "33735110"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33735110"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 12, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Juliette Sage, Emmanuelle Leblanc-Noblesse, Carine Nizard, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cleavage of nidogen-1 by cathepsin S impairs its binding to basement membrane partners."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "PLoS One (2012)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1371/journal.pone.0043494"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0043494"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "22952693"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22952693"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 13, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Estefanía Martino-Echarri, Rubén Fernández-Rodríguez, Francisco Javier Rodríguez-Baena, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Contribution of ADAMTS1 as a tumor suppressor gene in human breast carcinoma. Linking its tumor inhibitory properties to its proteolytic activity on nidogen-1 and nidogen-2."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Int J Cancer (2013)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1002/ijc.28271"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.28271"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "23681936"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23681936"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 14, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Dongmei Zhu, Hua Xie, Hongxing Li, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nidogen-1 is a common target of microRNAs MiR-192/215 in the pathogenesis of Hirschsprung's disease."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Neurochem (2015)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1111/jnc.13118"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/jnc.13118"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "25857602"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25857602"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 15, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Benjamin W Darbro, Vinit B Mahajan, Lokesh Gakhar, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mutations in extracellular matrix genes NID1 and LAMC1 cause autosomal dominant Dandy-Walker malformation and occipital cephaloceles."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Hum Mutat (2013)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1002/humu.22351"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/humu.22351"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "23674478"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23674478"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 16, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Vanda McNiven, Yoko A Ito, Taila Hartley, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "NID1 variant associated with occipital cephaloceles in a family expressing a spectrum of phenotypes."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Am J Med Genet A (2019)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1002/ajmg.a.61095"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.a.61095"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "30773799"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30773799"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 17, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Marielle Balzano, Maria De Grandis, Thien-Phong Vu Manh, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nidogen-1 Contributes to the Interaction Network Involved in Pro-B Cell Retention in the Peri-sinusoidal Hematopoietic Stem Cell Niche."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cell Rep (2019)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.celrep.2019.02.065"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2019.02.065"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "30893599"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30893599"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 18, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Y Hirakawa, S Futaki, H Tanizaki, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Enhanced expression of nidogen 1 around the nest of basal cell carcinoma compared with that around squamous cell carcinoma."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Med Mol Morphol (2019)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1007/s00795-018-0207-x"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00795-018-0207-x"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "30276677"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30276677"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 19, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Sergio Pérez-Díaz, Zeynab Koumaiha, Matthew Jay Borok, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Obesity impairs skeletal muscle repair through NID-1 mediated extracellular matrix remodeling by mesenchymal progenitors."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Matrix Biol (2022)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.matbio.2022.08.006"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matbio.2022.08.006"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "35963565"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35963565"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 20, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Man I Kuan, Lisa B Caruso, Anamaria G Zavala, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Human Cytomegalovirus Utilizes Multiple Viral Proteins to Regulate the Basement Membrane Protein Nidogen 1."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Virol (2022)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1128/jvi.01336-22"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.01336-22"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "36218358"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36218358"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 21, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Evelyn H Kim, Vladimir I Galchev, Jin Young Kim, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Differential protein expression and basal lamina remodeling in human heart failure."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Proteomics Clin Appl (2016)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1002/prca.201500099"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/prca.201500099"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "26756417"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26756417"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 22, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Daniela A Ferraro, Francesca Patella, Sara Zanivan, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Endothelial cell-derived nidogen-1 inhibits migration of SK-BR-3 breast cancer cells."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "BMC Cancer (2019)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1186/s12885-019-5521-8"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-019-5521-8"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "30947697"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30947697"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 23, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Tabinda Urooj, Bushra Wasim, Shamim Mushtaq, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Increased NID1 Expression among Breast Cancer Lung Metastatic Women; A Comparative Analysis between Naive and Treated Cases."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov (2020)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.2174/1574892815666200302115438"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.2174/1574892815666200302115438"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "32116201"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32116201"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 24, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Ahmed Khattab, Ali Torkamani "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nidogen-1 could play a role in diabetic kidney disease development in type 2 diabetes: a genome-wide association meta-analysis."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Hum Genomics (2022)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1186/s40246-022-00422-y"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s40246-022-00422-y"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "36271454"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36271454"}]}]}]}