NIN Gene

HGNC Family	EF-hand domain containing
Name	ninein (GSK3B interacting protein)
Description	This gene encodes one of the proteins important for centrosomal function. This protein is important for positioning and anchoring the microtubules minus-ends in epithelial cells. Localization of this protein to the centrosome requires three leucine zippers in the central coiled-coil domain. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants that encode different isoforms have been reported. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Summary	{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nNinein (NIN) is a pivotal centrosomal protein that orchestrates microtubule organization by mediating both nucleation and anchorage. It localizes predominantly to the subdistal appendages of the mother centriole where distinct domains enable its interaction with gamma‐tubulin ring complexes, thereby promoting microtubule nucleation while also stabilizing the microtubule minus ends. In addition, specific post‐translational modifications (e.g., phosphorylation and SUMOylation) and interactions with key proteins (such as Astrin) finely tune ninein’s centrosomal targeting and function during cell division to ensure proper spindle assembly and chromosome segregation."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "7"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nIn polarized epithelial cells, ninein is highly dynamic: while it is initially concentrated at the centrosome, it is subsequently redeployed to non‐centrosomal, apical regions. This relocation is critical for re‐establishing an apico–basal microtubule array that underpins cell polarity and proper tissue organization, a process further coordinated by its interactions with scaffold partners such as trichoplein and Odf2."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "8"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nWithin the developing nervous system, ninein functions as a key downstream effector of Sip1 to regulate microtubule stability and dynamics. This regulation influences axonal growth, branching, and the formation of intra‐ and inter‐cortical as well as corticospinal connections, thereby playing an essential role in the establishment of proper neural circuitry."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "10"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nAlterations in ninein function are associated with diverse pathological conditions. Mutations in the NIN gene have been linked to skeletal dysplasias—characterized by joint laxity, midface hypoplasia, and growth retardation—underscoring its role in skeletal development. In parallel, aberrant immune reactivity to ninein has been observed in autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus, while its differential expression in brain tumors suggests that ninein may also act as a tumor‐suppressor."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "11", "end_ref": "13"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nBeyond these canonical roles, ninein participates in non‐traditional cellular processes. In macrophages, for example, ninein localizes to the phagocytic cup where it facilitates the assembly of the dynein–dynactin motor complex. This activity is essential for the efficient inward translocation of bound particles and subsequent phagosome trafficking, highlighting ninein’s broader contributions to cellular dynamics and function."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "14"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Young Y Ou, Gary J Mack, Meifeng Zhang, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "CEP110 and ninein are located in a specific domain of the centrosome associated with centrosome maturation."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Cell Sci (2002)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1242/jcs.115.9.1825"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1242/jcs.115.9.1825"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "11956314"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11956314"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Chang-Han Chen, Shen-Long Howng, Tai-Shan Cheng, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Molecular characterization of human ninein protein: two distinct subdomains required for centrosomal targeting and regulating signals in cell cycle."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Biochem Biophys Res Commun (2003)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/s0006-291x(03)01510-9"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0006-291x(03"}, {"type": "t", "text": "01510-9) PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "12927815"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12927815"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Elizabeth E Stillwell, Jun Zhou, Harish C Joshi "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Human ninein is a centrosomal autoantigen recognized by CREST patient sera and plays a regulatory role in microtubule nucleation."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cell Cycle (2004)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "15190203"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15190203"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nathalie Delgehyr, James Sillibourne, Michel Bornens "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Microtubule nucleation and anchoring at the centrosome are independent processes linked by ninein function."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Cell Sci (2005)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1242/jcs.02302"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1242/jcs.02302"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "15784680"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15784680"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 5, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Tai-Shan Cheng, Li-Kwan Chang, Shen-Long Howng, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "SUMO-1 modification of centrosomal protein hNinein promotes hNinein nuclear localization."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Life Sci (2006)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.lfs.2005.06.021"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2005.06.021"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "16154161"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16154161"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 6, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Ching-Chih Lin, Tai-Shan Cheng, Ching-Mei Hsu, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Characterization and functional aspects of human ninein isoforms that regulated by centrosomal targeting signals and evidence for docking sites to direct gamma-tubulin."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cell Cycle (2006)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.4161/cc.5.21.3404"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.4161/cc.5.21.3404"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "17102634"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17102634"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 7, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Tai-Shan Cheng, Yun-Ling Hsiao, Ching-Chih Lin, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "hNinein is required for targeting spindle-associated protein Astrin to the centrosome during the S and G2 phases."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Exp Cell Res (2007)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.yexcr.2007.02.023"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yexcr.2007.02.023"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "17383637"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17383637"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 8, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "David K Moss, Gemma Bellett, Jane M Carter, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Ninein is released from the centrosome and moves bi-directionally along microtubules."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Cell Sci (2007)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1242/jcs.010322"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1242/jcs.010322"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "17698918"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17698918"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 9, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Miho Ibi, Peng Zou, Akihito Inoko, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Trichoplein controls microtubule anchoring at the centrosome by binding to Odf2 and ninein."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Cell Sci (2011)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1242/jcs.075705"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1242/jcs.075705"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "21325031"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21325031"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 10, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Swathi Srivatsa, Srinivas Parthasarathy, Zoltán Molnár, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Sip1 downstream Effector ninein controls neocortical axonal growth, ipsilateral branching, and microtubule growth and stability."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Neuron (2015)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.neuron.2015.01.018"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2015.01.018"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "25741725"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25741725"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 11, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "S H Montgomery, N I Mundy "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Positive selection on NIN, a gene involved in neurogenesis, and primate brain evolution."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Genes Brain Behav (2012)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1111/j.1601-183X.2012.00844.x"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-183X.2012.00844.x"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "22937743"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22937743"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 12, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Joon-Khim Loh, Ann-Shung Lieu, Chia-Hua Chou, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Differential expression of centrosome-associated proteins in human brain tumors: a possible role of hNinein isoform 6 in cell differentiation."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Biofactors (2012)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1002/biof.1053"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/biof.1053"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "23047184"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23047184"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 13, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Melanie Grosch, Barbara Grüner, Stephanie Spranger, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Identification of a Ninein (NIN) mutation in a family with spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia with joint laxity (leptodactylic type)-like phenotype."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Matrix Biol (2013)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.matbio.2013.05.001"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matbio.2013.05.001"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "23665482"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23665482"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 14, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Zhongyuan Cao, Shushu Ge, Zhen Xu, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "β3-Endonexin interacts with ninein in vascular endothelial cells to promote angiogenesis."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Biochem Biophys Res Commun (2021)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.06.008"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.06.008"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "34118594"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34118594"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 15, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Safia Omer, Jiahao Li, Claire X Yang, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Ninein promotes F-actin cup formation and inward phagosome movement during phagocytosis in macrophages."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mol Biol Cell (2024)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1091/mbc.E23-06-0216"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1091/mbc.E23-06-0216"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "38117588"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38117588"}]}]}]}
Synonyms	SCKL7
Proteins	NIN_HUMAN
NCBI Gene ID	51199
API
Download Associations
Predicted Functions
Co-expressed Genes
Expression in Tissues and Cell Lines

Functional Associations

NIN has 6,954 functional associations with biological entities spanning 9 categories (molecular profile, organism, disease, phenotype or trait, functional term, phrase or reference, chemical, structural feature, cell line, cell type or tissue, gene, protein or microRNA, sequence feature) extracted from 126 datasets.

Click the + buttons to view associations for NIN from the datasets below.

If available, associations are ranked by standardized value

Harmonizome 3.0

NIN Gene

Functional Associations

Please acknowledge the Harmonizome in your publications by citing the following reference(s):

	Dataset	Summary
	Achilles Cell Line Gene Essentiality Profiles	cell lines with fitness changed by NIN gene knockdown relative to other cell lines from the Achilles Cell Line Gene Essentiality Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of NIN gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of NIN gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles	tissue samples with high or low expression of NIN gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray	tissue samples with high or low expression of NIN gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq	tissue samples with high or low expression of NIN gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of NIN gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of NIN gene relative to other cell lines from the BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of NIN gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of NIN gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of NIN gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of NIN gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles	cell lines with NIN gene mutations from the CCLE Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Proteomics	Cell lines associated with NIN protein from the CCLE Cell Line Proteomics dataset.
	CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations	cell types associated with NIN gene from the CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of NIN gene from the CHEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of NIN gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022	transcription factors binding the promoter of NIN gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022 dataset.
	ClinVar Gene-Phenotype Associations	phenotypes associated with NIN gene from the curated ClinVar Gene-Phenotype Associations dataset.
	ClinVar Gene-Phenotype Associations 2025	phenotypes associated with NIN gene from the curated ClinVar Gene-Phenotype Associations 2025 dataset.
	CM4AI U2OS Cell Map Protein Localization Assemblies	assemblies containing NIN protein from integrated AP-MS and IF data from the CM4AI U2OS Cell Map Protein Localization Assemblies dataset.
	CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules	small molecule perturbations changing expression of NIN gene from the CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components containing NIN protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components containing NIN protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components containing NIN protein in low- or high-throughput protein localization assays from the COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components containing NIN protein in low- or high-throughput protein localization assays from the COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components co-occuring with NIN protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components co-occuring with NIN protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of NIN gene relative to other cell lines from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles	cell lines with NIN gene mutations from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles dataset.
	CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions	chemicals interacting with NIN gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions dataset.
	CTD Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with NIN gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	DeepCoverMOA Drug Mechanisms of Action	small molecule perturbations with high or low expression of NIN protein relative to other small molecule perturbations from the DeepCoverMOA Drug Mechanisms of Action dataset.
	DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency	cell lines with fitness changed by NIN gene knockdown relative to other cell lines from the DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency dataset.
	DISEASES Curated Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores	diseases involving NIN gene from the DISEASES Curated Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset.
	DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases associated with NIN gene in GWAS datasets from the DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores	diseases co-occuring with NIN gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases co-occuring with NIN gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with NIN gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Phenotype Associations	phenotypes associated with NIN gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Phenoptype Associations dataset.