| HGNC Family | Endogenous ligands |
| Name | neuropeptide B |
| Description | This gene encodes a member of the neuropeptide B/W family of proteins and preproprotein that is proteolytically processed to generate multiple protein products. The encoded products include neuropeptide B-23 and a C-terminally extended form, neuropeptide B-29, which are characterized by an N-terminal brominated tryptophan amino acid. Both of the encoded peptides bind with higher affinity to neuropeptide B/W (NPB/W) receptor 1 compared to the related NPB/W receptor 2. These peptides may regulate feeding, pain perception, and stress in rodents. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2015] |
| Summary |
{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nGastric epithelial homeostasis is critically influenced by the loss of parietal cells, which precedes the development of metaplastic lesions. In a study using gastrin-deficient mice, acute parietal cell loss was shown to initiate a rapid emergence of spasmolytic polypeptide/trefoil factor 2 (TFF2)-expressing metaplasia from the bases of fundic glands, a phenomenon that underscores the complex cellular reprogramming associated with gastric injury and the early stages of neoplasia."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "In a separate investigation, researchers identified a novel gene product that encodes neuropeptide B (NPB), an endogenous ligand for the G protein-coupled receptor GPR7. This 29–amino acid peptide is uniquely modified through the bromination of the C-6 position of the indole ring on its N-terminal tryptophan, a modification that does not alter its receptor binding and inhibitory effect on cAMP production. NPB expression was detected in multiple tissues, including the central nervous system—specifically within the hypothalamus and hippocampus—and peripheral tissues such as the uterus and lymphoid organs, suggesting a role in both central neuromodulation and peripheral regulatory functions."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "2"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "Together, these studies highlight the diverse roles played by bioactive peptides in mammalian physiology. While the gastric metaplasia study elucidates mechanisms of cellular transformation in the stomach, the discovery of NPB extends our understanding of peptide-mediated signaling through its specific interaction with GPR7. This integrated view emphasizes that peptides like NPB, with their unique structural modifications and broad tissue distribution, may serve as crucial modulators of both gastrointestinal cellular dynamics and neuroendocrine functions."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ""}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Koji Nozaki, Masako Ogawa, Janice A Williams, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "A molecular signature of gastric metaplasia arising in response to acute parietal cell loss."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Gastroenterology (2008)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1053/j.gastro.2007.11.058"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2007.11.058"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "18242217"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18242217"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Ryo Fujii, Hiromi Yoshida, Shoji Fukusumi, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Identification of a neuropeptide modified with bromine as an endogenous ligand for GPR7."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Biol Chem (2002)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1074/jbc.M205883200"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M205883200"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "12118011"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12118011"}]}]}]}
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| Synonyms | PPL7, PPNPB |
| Proteins | NPB_HUMAN |
| NCBI Gene ID | 256933 |
| API | |
| Download Associations | |
| Predicted Functions |
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| Co-expressed Genes |
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| Expression in Tissues and Cell Lines |
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NPB has 2,774 functional associations with biological entities spanning 8 categories (molecular profile, organism, functional term, phrase or reference, disease, phenotype or trait, chemical, structural feature, cell line, cell type or tissue, gene, protein or microRNA) extracted from 70 datasets.
Click the + buttons to view associations for NPB from the datasets below.
If available, associations are ranked by standardized value
| Dataset | Summary | |
|---|---|---|
| Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles | tissues with high or low expression of NPB gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
| Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles | tissues with high or low expression of NPB gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
| Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq | tissue samples with high or low expression of NPB gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq dataset. | |
| Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles | tissues with high or low expression of NPB gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
| BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles | cell types and tissues with high or low expression of NPB gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
| CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles | cell lines with high or low copy number of NPB gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset. | |
| CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles | cell lines with high or low expression of NPB gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
| CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations | cell types associated with NPB gene from the CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations dataset. | |
| ChEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles | transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of NPB gene from the CHEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset. | |
| ChEA Transcription Factor Targets | transcription factors binding the promoter of NPB gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets dataset. | |
| ChEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022 | transcription factors binding the promoter of NPB gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022 dataset. | |
| COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores | cellular components containing NPB protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset. | |
| COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores | cellular components co-occuring with NPB protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset. | |
| COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 | cellular components co-occuring with NPB protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset. | |
| COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles | cell lines with high or low copy number of NPB gene relative to other cell lines from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset. | |
| COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles | cell lines with NPB gene mutations from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles dataset. | |
| CTD Gene-Disease Associations | diseases associated with NPB gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Disease Associations dataset. | |
| DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency | cell lines with fitness changed by NPB gene knockdown relative to other cell lines from the DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency dataset. | |
| DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025 | diseases associated with NPB gene in GWAS datasets from the DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset. | |
| DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores | diseases co-occuring with NPB gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset. | |
| DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025 | diseases co-occuring with NPB gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset. | |
| DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations | diseases associated with NPB gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations dataset. | |
| ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles | histone modification site profiles with high histone modification abundance at NPB gene from the ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles dataset. | |
| ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles | transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of NPB gene from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset. | |
| ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets | transcription factors binding the promoter of NPB gene in ChIP-seq datasets from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets dataset. | |
| ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells | PubMedIDs of publications reporting gene signatures containing NPB from the ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells dataset. | |
| GeneRIF Biological Term Annotations | biological terms co-occuring with NPB gene in literature-supported statements describing functions of genes from the GeneRIF Biological Term Annotations dataset. | |
| GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Diseases | disease perturbations changing expression of NPB gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Diseases dataset. | |
| GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Gene Perturbations | gene perturbations changing expression of NPB gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Gene Perturbations dataset. | |
| GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Kinase Perturbations | kinase perturbations changing expression of NPB gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Kinase Perturbations dataset. | |
| GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules | small molecule perturbations changing expression of NPB gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules dataset. | |
| GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Transcription Factor Perturbations | transcription factor perturbations changing expression of NPB gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Transcription Factor Perturbations dataset. | |
| GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Viral Infections | virus perturbations changing expression of NPB gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Viral Infections dataset. | |
| GO Biological Process Annotations 2015 | biological processes involving NPB gene from the curated GO Biological Process Annotations 2015 dataset. | |
| GO Cellular Component Annotations 2015 | cellular components containing NPB protein from the curated GO Cellular Component Annotations 2015 dataset. | |
| GO Molecular Function Annotations 2015 | molecular functions performed by NPB gene from the curated GO Molecular Function Annotations 2015 dataset. | |
| GO Molecular Function Annotations 2023 | molecular functions performed by NPB gene from the curated GO Molecular Function Annotations 2023 dataset. | |
| GO Molecular Function Annotations 2025 | molecular functions performed by NPB gene from the curated GO Molecular Function Annotations 2025 dataset. | |
| HPA Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles | cell lines with high or low expression of NPB gene relative to other cell lines from the HPA Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
| HPA Tissue Gene Expression Profiles | tissues with high or low expression of NPB gene relative to other tissues from the HPA Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
| HPA Tissue Protein Expression Profiles | tissues with high or low expression of NPB protein relative to other tissues from the HPA Tissue Protein Expression Profiles dataset. | |
| HPA Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles | tissue samples with high or low expression of NPB gene relative to other tissue samples from the HPA Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
| InterPro Predicted Protein Domain Annotations | protein domains predicted for NPB protein from the InterPro Predicted Protein Domain Annotations dataset. | |
| JASPAR Predicted Transcription Factor Targets | transcription factors regulating expression of NPB gene predicted using known transcription factor binding site motifs from the JASPAR Predicted Transcription Factor Targets dataset. | |
| Klijn et al., Nat. Biotechnol., 2015 Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles | cell lines with high or low copy number of NPB gene relative to other cell lines from the Klijn et al., Nat. Biotechnol., 2015 Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset. | |
| Klijn et al., Nat. Biotechnol., 2015 Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles | cell lines with high or low expression of NPB gene relative to other cell lines from the Klijn et al., Nat. Biotechnol., 2015 Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
| Klijn et al., Nat. Biotechnol., 2015 Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles | cell lines with NPB gene mutations from the Klijn et al., Nat. Biotechnol., 2015 Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles dataset. | |
| KnockTF Gene Expression Profiles with Transcription Factor Perturbations | transcription factor perturbations changing expression of NPB gene from the KnockTF Gene Expression Profiles with Transcription Factor Perturbations dataset. | |
| MGI Mouse Phenotype Associations 2023 | phenotypes of transgenic mice caused by NPB gene mutations from the MGI Mouse Phenotype Associations 2023 dataset. | |
| MotifMap Predicted Transcription Factor Targets | transcription factors regulating expression of NPB gene predicted using known transcription factor binding site motifs from the MotifMap Predicted Transcription Factor Targets dataset. | |
| MPO Gene-Phenotype Associations | phenotypes of transgenic mice caused by NPB gene mutations from the MPO Gene-Phenotype Associations dataset. | |
| NIBR DRUG-seq U2OS MoA Box Gene Expression Profiles | drug perturbations changing expression of NPB gene from the NIBR DRUG-seq U2OS MoA Box dataset. | |
| Pathway Commons Protein-Protein Interactions | interacting proteins for NPB from the Pathway Commons Protein-Protein Interactions dataset. | |
| PerturbAtlas Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Gene Perturbations | gene perturbations changing expression of NPB gene from the PerturbAtlas Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Gene Perturbations dataset. | |
| PerturbAtlas Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Mouse Gene Perturbations | gene perturbations changing expression of NPB gene from the PerturbAtlas Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Gene Perturbations dataset. | |
| PFOCR Pathway Figure Associations 2023 | pathways involving NPB protein from the PFOCR Pathway Figure Associations 2023 dataset. | |
| PFOCR Pathway Figure Associations 2024 | pathways involving NPB protein from the Wikipathways PFOCR 2024 dataset. | |
| Reactome Pathways 2014 | pathways involving NPB protein from the Reactome Pathways dataset. | |
| Reactome Pathways 2024 | pathways involving NPB protein from the Reactome Pathways 2024 dataset. | |
| Roadmap Epigenomics Cell and Tissue DNA Methylation Profiles | cell types and tissues with high or low DNA methylation of NPB gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the Roadmap Epigenomics Cell and Tissue DNA Methylation Profiles dataset. | |
| Roadmap Epigenomics Histone Modification Site Profiles | histone modification site profiles with high histone modification abundance at NPB gene from the Roadmap Epigenomics Histone Modification Site Profiles dataset. | |
| RummaGEO Drug Perturbation Signatures | drug perturbations changing expression of NPB gene from the RummaGEO Drug Perturbation Signatures dataset. | |
| RummaGEO Gene Perturbation Signatures | gene perturbations changing expression of NPB gene from the RummaGEO Gene Perturbation Signatures dataset. | |
| Tabula Sapiens Gene-Cell Associations | cell types with high or low expression of NPB gene relative to other cell types from the Tabula Sapiens Gene-Cell Associations dataset. | |
| TargetScan Predicted Nonconserved microRNA Targets | microRNAs regulating expression of NPB gene predicted using nonconserved miRNA seed sequences from the TargetScan Predicted Nonconserved microRNA Targets dataset. | |
| TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors | tissue samples with high or low expression of NPB gene relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset. | |
| TISSUES Experimental Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores | tissues with high expression of NPB protein in proteomics datasets from the TISSUES Experimental Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores dataset. | |
| TISSUES Experimental Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025 | tissues with high expression of NPB protein in proteomics datasets from the TISSUES Experimental Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025 dataset. | |
| TISSUES Text-mining Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores | tissues co-occuring with NPB protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the TISSUES Text-mining Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores dataset. | |
| TISSUES Text-mining Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025 | tissues co-occuring with NPB protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the TISSUES Text-mining Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025 dataset. | |
