{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nNR4A3, a member of the NR4A orphan nuclear receptor family, has emerged as a key regulator in cancer biology. Multiple studies report that reduced expression or genomic alterations of NR4A3 contribute to malignant transformation in hematologic neoplasms and solid tumors. For example, loss of NR4A3 (often together with NR4A1) is linked to acute myeloid leukemia through abnormal hematopoietic stem cell expansion, while rearrangements and enhancer hijacking events involving NR4A3 are recurrent in acinic cell carcinoma and extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma. In breast cancer, microRNA‐mediated inhibition of NR4A3 promotes epithelial–mesenchymal transition and metastasis, and rescue of its expression attenuates tumor growth. Together with its emerging value as a diagnostic marker by specific immunostaining or FISH detection, these findings underscore a potent tumor suppressor function for NR4A3 and highlight its potential as a therapeutic target."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "18"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nIn the vasculature, NR4A3 is rapidly induced in response to diverse stimuli—including oxidized lipids, growth factors, and inflammatory cytokines—in both vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cells. Its expression regulates key processes such as cell proliferation, migration, and extracellular matrix remodeling. In experimental atherosclerosis and vascular injury models, NR4A3 activity modulates inflammatory responses and matrix metalloproteinase activity (in part via the induction of inhibitors like alpha‐2-macroglobulin) and also influences myelopoiesis from hematopoietic progenitors. These findings collectively point to an important role for NR4A3 in vascular homeostasis and repair."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "19", "end_ref": "31"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nMoreover, NR4A3 participates in a broad spectrum of homeostatic and stress‐responsive pathways in other tissues. In skeletal muscle, its induction by β2-adrenergic signals is necessary for oxidative metabolism and fatty acid oxidation; in adipose tissue, NR4A3 contributes to metabolic regulation. Its expression is also modulated in various immune cell populations—such as neutrophils, mast cells, and thymocytes—where it influences survival, activation, and apoptotic pathways. Additionally, NR4A3 has been implicated in processes as diverse as trophoblast syncytialization, neuroprotection in dopaminergic systems, and even in thyroid and joint inflammatory pathologies, underscoring its multifaceted role in maintaining cellular homeostasis."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "32", "end_ref": "41"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Shannon E Mullican, Shuo Zhang, Marina Konopleva, et al. 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