{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nNSA2 is an evolutionarily conserved nucleolar protein that plays a central role in ribosome biogenesis. Studies in yeast and mammalian systems have shown that NSA2 is an essential pre‐ribosomal factor required for the processing and maturation of the large ribosomal subunit. Its depletion leads to a reduction in rRNA synthesis—including the 25S and 5.8S rRNAs—and a diminished 60S ribosomal subunit pool, which ultimately suppresses overall protein synthesis. Moreover, NSA2 loss has been linked to inactivation of the mTOR signaling pathway, thereby underscoring its critical role in coupling ribosome assembly to cellular biosynthetic processes."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nBeyond its function in ribosome biogenesis, NSA2 is implicated in the regulation of cell proliferation and cell cycle progression. The protein is localized predominantly in the nucleolus via specific nuclear/nucleolar localization signals, and its overexpression has been shown to promote the G1/S transition, thereby enhancing cell growth. Conversely, silencing of NSA2 markedly impedes cell proliferation by arresting cells at the G1/S boundary."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nIn addition, NSA2 has been associated with the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. Elevated levels of NSA2 have been observed in diabetic models, and evidence suggests that NSA2 functions upstream of TGFβ1 signaling. In renal mesangial cells, high glucose conditions and exogenous TGFβ1 stimulate NSA2 expression and trigger its nuclear translocation, while RNA interference–mediated depletion of NSA2 leads to a significant reduction in TGFβ1 production and its downstream mediator fibronectin. These findings indicate that NSA2 may contribute to the development of diabetic nephropathy by modulating key fibrogenic and inflammatory signaling pathways."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "4"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Alice Lebreton, Cosmin Saveanu, Laurence Decourty, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nsa2 is an unstable, conserved factor required for the maturation of 27 SB pre-rRNAs."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Biol Chem (2006)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1074/jbc.M602199200"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M602199200"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "16861225"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16861225"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Jinhao Xing, Xu Nan, Qi Cui, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nop-7-associated 2 (NSA2) is required for ribosome biogenesis and protein synthesis."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Biochem Biophys Res Commun (2018)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.09.041"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.09.041"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "30243719"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30243719"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Heyu Zhang, Xi Ma, Taiping Shi, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "NSA2, a novel nucleolus protein regulates cell proliferation and cell cycle."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Biochem Biophys Res Commun (2010)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.11.114"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.11.114"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "19932687"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19932687"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "R Shahni, L Gnudi, A King, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Elevated levels of renal and circulating Nop-7-associated 2 (NSA2) in rat and mouse models of diabetes, in mesangial cells in vitro and in patients with diabetic nephropathy."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Diabetologia (2012)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1007/s00125-011-2373-4"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-011-2373-4"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "22095236"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22095236"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 5, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Rojeen Shahni, Anna Czajka, Baljinder S Mankoo, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nop-7-associated 2 (NSA2), a candidate gene for diabetic nephropathy, is involved in the TGFβ1 pathway."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Int J Biochem Cell Biol (2013)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.biocel.2012.11.020"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocel.2012.11.020"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "23220173"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23220173"}]}]}]}