{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nNeurotrimin (NTM) is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)‐anchored cell adhesion molecules that has been studied in the context of several biological processes. Its structure, consisting of three C2‐like immunoglobulin domains, underlies its function in mediating cell–cell adhesion and aggregation, similar to other IgLON family members examined in ovarian cancer [1] and in studies of ocular traits [2]. These observations highlight that genes in the 11q25 region, where NTM is located, are of broad interest in disease biology."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nFunctional genetic studies have implicated NTM in the development and regulation of the nervous system. Genome‐wide association studies have linked variants in NTM with intelligence quotient (IQ), suggesting a role in cognitive function and potential involvement in late‐onset Alzheimer disease [3]. In patients with Jacobsen syndrome, copy number variants affecting NTM have been associated with alterations in brain structure, although a direct causal relationship with autism spectrum disorders was not established [5]. Complementary structural investigations revealed that NTM dimerizes via its Ig1 domains, a mode of interaction that appears conserved and perhaps critical for establishing synaptic connections and neural circuitry [8]."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nEmerging evidence also suggests that NTM may have roles beyond neural cell adhesion. Positional association studies have identified NTM as a gene associated with blood lipid levels, implying a potential influence on metabolic regulation [7]. Additionally, hormonal regulation of NTM expression in uterine tissues points to context‐dependent functions in non‐neural tissues [10]. In contrast, studies examining balanced chromosomal rearrangements in the distal 11q region [4] and gene‐targeted deletion models [9] indicate that disruption of NTM does not always result in overt pathological phenotypes, underlining the complexity of its in vivo functions."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nCollectively, these observations underscore that NTM functions primarily as a neural cell adhesion molecule that contributes to the formation of synaptic networks and cognitive processes, while also being implicated in metabolic pathways and modulated by hormonal signals. The diverse but context‐dependent roles of NTM reflect its structural features and its integration within the larger IgLON family of proteins."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "10"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ""}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Grant C Sellar, Karen P Watt, Genevieve J Rabiasz, et al. 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