| HGNC Family | Peptidyl arginine deiminases (PADI) |
| Name | peptidyl arginine deiminase, type II |
| Description | This gene encodes a member of the peptidyl arginine deiminase family of enzymes, which catalyze the post-translational deimination of proteins by converting arginine residues into citrullines in the presence of calcium ions. The family members have distinct substrate specificities and tissue-specific expression patterns. The type II enzyme is the most widely expressed family member. Known substrates for this enzyme include myelin basic protein in the central nervous system and vimentin in skeletal muscle and macrophages. This enzyme is thought to play a role in the onset and progression of neurodegenerative human disorders, including Alzheimer disease and multiple sclerosis, and it has also been implicated in glaucoma pathogenesis. This gene exists in a cluster with four other paralogous genes. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| Summary |
{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nPeptidylarginine deiminase 2 (PADI2) is a calcium‐dependent enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of protein‐bound arginine into citrulline, thereby altering the charge, conformation, and function of its substrates. Detailed biochemical and structural studies have revealed that PADI2 employs a substrate‐assisted catalytic mechanism with a defined order of calcium binding that is essential for its activation. In response to calcium signals, PADI2 dynamically translocates from the cytoplasm into the nucleus—a process mediated by interactions with proteins such as annexin A5 and Ran—allowing it to target nuclear substrates. In estrogen receptor–positive breast cancer cells, for example, PADI2 citrullinates specific arginine residues on histone H3 (particularly at residue R26) as well as the C‐terminal domain of RNA polymerase II, events that contribute to chromatin decondensation and transcriptional activation."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "6"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nIn immune and neurological settings, aberrant PADI2 activity has been strongly implicated in the generation of citrullinated autoantigens and in inflammatory pathology. In the context of rheumatoid arthritis, increased PADI2 (in concert with PAD4) contributes to the modification of synovial proteins and chemokines that become targets of autoantibodies, and altered PADI2 expression in periodontal tissues has been linked to the association between periodontitis and RA. In addition, upregulation of PADI2 in the central nervous system—resulting in enhanced citrullination of myelin basic protein and glial fibrillary acidic protein—has been observed in multiple sclerosis and prion diseases. Extracellular release of PADI2, such as from lung macrophages in smokers, further suggests that PADI2‐mediated citrullination may modulate immune responses in diverse inflammatory environments."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "7", "end_ref": "16"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nPADI2 also plays multifaceted roles in cancer and other cellular processes that are context dependent. In T lymphocytes, overexpression of PADI2 promotes apoptosis via citrullination of vimentin, suggesting a role in immune cell turnover. Differential expression of PADI2 is associated with tumor biology; in colon tissue, abundant expression of a predominant PADI2 isoform is linked to normal differentiation and its downregulation correlates with poor patient prognosis, whereas forced PADI2 expression can suppress colon cancer cell proliferation by inducing G₁ arrest. In contrast, in prostate and skin cancers, elevated PADI2 activity confers oncogenic properties by stabilizing nuclear receptors and enhancing inflammatory signals that promote tumor progression. Moreover, cellular stress such as hypoxia can elevate PADI2 activity in astrocytes, and emerging evidence indicates that modulation of extracellular vesicle microRNA cargo by PADI2 influences the invasive behavior of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells. Finally, PADI2‐mediated citrullination of matrix metalloproteinases suggests a potential role in remodeling the extracellular matrix during cancer progression."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "17", "end_ref": "26"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Makiko Nakayama-Hamada, Akari Suzuki, Kazuishi Kubota, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Comparison of enzymatic properties between hPADI2 and hPADI4."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Biochem Biophys Res Commun (2005)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.11.152"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.11.152"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "15629448"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15629448"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Xuesen Zhang, Michael Bolt, Michael J Guertin, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Peptidylarginine deiminase 2-catalyzed histone H3 arginine 26 citrullination facilitates estrogen receptor α target gene activation."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2012)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1073/pnas.1203280109"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1203280109"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "22853951"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22853951"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Brian D Cherrington, Xuesen Zhang, John L McElwee, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Potential role for PAD2 in gene regulation in breast cancer cells."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "PLoS One (2012)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1371/journal.pone.0041242"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0041242"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "22911765"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22911765"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Daniel J Slade, Pengfei Fang, Christina J Dreyton, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Protein arginine deiminase 2 binds calcium in an ordered fashion: implications for inhibitor design."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "ACS Chem Biol (2015)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1021/cb500933j"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1021/cb500933j"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "25621824"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25621824"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 5, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Li Zheng, Mitesh Nagar, Aaron J Maurais, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Calcium Regulates the Nuclear Localization of Protein Arginine Deiminase 2."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Biochemistry (2019)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1021/acs.biochem.9b00225"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.biochem.9b00225"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "31243954"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31243954"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 6, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Miguel Beato, Priyanka Sharma "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Peptidyl Arginine Deiminase 2 (PADI2)-Mediated Arginine Citrullination Modulates Transcription in Cancer."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Int J Mol Sci (2020)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.3390/ijms21041351"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21041351"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "32079300"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32079300"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 7, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Fabrizio G Mastronardi, Abdul Noor, D Denise Wood, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Peptidyl argininedeiminase 2 CpG island in multiple sclerosis white matter is hypomethylated."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Neurosci Res (2007)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1002/jnr.21329"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/jnr.21329"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "17469138"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17469138"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 8, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Tamara Loos, Anneleen Mortier, Mieke Gouwy, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Citrullination of CXCL10 and CXCL11 by peptidylarginine deiminase: a naturally occurring posttranslational modification of chemokines and new dimension of immunoregulation."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Blood (2008)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1182/blood-2008-04-149039"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2008-04-149039"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "18645041"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18645041"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 9, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Byungki Jang, Jae-Kwang Jin, Yong-Chul Jeon, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Involvement of peptidylarginine deiminase-mediated post-translational citrullination in pathogenesis of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Acta Neuropathol (2010)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1007/s00401-009-0625-x"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00401-009-0625-x"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "20013286"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20013286"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 10, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Roberta Calabrese, Michele Zampieri, Rosella Mechelli, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Methylation-dependent PAD2 upregulation in multiple sclerosis peripheral blood."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mult Scler (2012)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1177/1352458511421055"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1177/1352458511421055"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "21878453"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21878453"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 11, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Byungki Jang, Akihito Ishigami, Naoki Maruyama, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Peptidylarginine deiminase and protein citrullination in prion diseases: strong evidence of neurodegeneration."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Prion (2013)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.4161/pri.22380"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.4161/pri.22380"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "23022892"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23022892"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 12, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Yukinori Okada, Tomoki Muramatsu, Naomasa Suita, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Significant impact of miRNA-target gene networks on genetics of human complex traits."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Sci Rep (2016)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/srep22223"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/srep22223"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "26927695"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26927695"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 13, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Marianne Engström, Kaja Eriksson, Linkiat Lee, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Increased citrullination and expression of peptidylarginine deiminases independently of P. gingivalis and A. actinomycetemcomitans in gingival tissue of patients with periodontitis."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Transl Med (2018)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1186/s12967-018-1588-2"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12967-018-1588-2"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "30064459"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30064459"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 14, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Dres Damgaard, Mandar Bawadekar, Ladislav Senolt, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Relative efficiencies of peptidylarginine deiminase 2 and 4 in generating target sites for anti-citrullinated protein antibodies in fibrinogen, alpha-enolase and histone H3."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "PLoS One (2018)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1371/journal.pone.0203214"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0203214"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "30161253"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30161253"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 15, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Ashley M Curran, Pooja Naik, Jon T Giles, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "PAD enzymes in rheumatoid arthritis: pathogenic effectors and autoimmune targets."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nat Rev Rheumatol (2020)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/s41584-020-0409-1"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41584-020-0409-1"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "32341463"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32341463"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 16, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Dres Damgaard, Michael Friberg Bruun Nielsen, Maria Quisgaard Gaunsbaek, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Smoking is associated with increased levels of extracellular peptidylarginine deiminase 2 (PAD2) in the lungs."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Clin Exp Rheumatol (2015)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "25897949"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25897949"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 17, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Akihito Ishigami, Takako Ohsawa, Hiroaki Asaga, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Human peptidylarginine deiminase type II: molecular cloning, gene organization, and expression in human skin."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Arch Biochem Biophys (2002)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/s0003-9861(02)00516-7"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0003-9861(02"}, {"type": "t", "text": "00516-7) PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "12392711"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12392711"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 18, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Thiagarajan Sambandam, Maria Belousova, Mary Ann Accaviti-Loper, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Increased peptidylarginine deiminase type II in hypoxic astrocytes."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Biochem Biophys Res Commun (2004)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.10.173"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.10.173"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "15555572"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15555572"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 19, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Pei-Chen Hsu, Ya-Fan Liao, Chin-Li Lin, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Vimentin is involved in peptidylarginine deiminase 2-induced apoptosis of activated Jurkat cells."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mol Cells (2014)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.14348/molcells.2014.2359"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.14348/molcells.2014.2359"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "24850148"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24850148"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 20, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Christina J Dreyton, Bryan Knuckley, Justin E Jones, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mechanistic studies of protein arginine deiminase 2: evidence for a substrate-assisted mechanism."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Biochemistry (2014)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1021/bi500554b"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1021/bi500554b"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "24989433"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24989433"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 21, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Neus Cantariño, Eva Musulén, Vanesa Valero, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Downregulation of the Deiminase PADI2 Is an Early Event in Colorectal Carcinogenesis and Indicates Poor Prognosis."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mol Cancer Res (2016)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1158/1541-7786.MCR-16-0034"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1158/1541-7786.MCR-16-0034"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "27280713"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27280713"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 22, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Ryo Funayama, Hajime Taniguchi, Masamichi Mizuma, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Protein-arginine deiminase 2 suppresses proliferation of colon cancer cells through protein citrullination."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cancer Sci (2017)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1111/cas.13179"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/cas.13179"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "28403548"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28403548"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 23, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Lin Wang, Guanhua Song, Xiang Zhang, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "PADI2-Mediated Citrullination Promotes Prostate Cancer Progression."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cancer Res (2017)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-17-0150"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-17-0150"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "28819028"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28819028"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 24, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "John L McElwee, Sunish Mohanan, Sachi Horibata, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "PAD2 overexpression in transgenic mice promotes spontaneous skin neoplasia."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cancer Res (2014)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-14-0749"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-14-0749"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "25213324"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25213324"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 25, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Lise Boon, Estefania Ugarte-Berzal, Erik Martens, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Citrullination as a novel posttranslational modification of matrix metalloproteinases."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Matrix Biol (2021)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.matbio.2020.10.005"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matbio.2020.10.005"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "33157227"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33157227"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 26, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Pinar Uysal-Onganer, Stefania D'Alessio, Maria Mortoglou, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Peptidylarginine Deiminase Inhibitor Application, Using Cl-Amidine, PAD2, PAD3 and PAD4 Isozyme-Specific Inhibitors in Pancreatic Cancer Cells, Reveals Roles for PAD2 and PAD3 in Cancer Invasion and Modulation of Extracellular Vesicle Signatures."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Int J Mol Sci (2021)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.3390/ijms22031396"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22031396"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "33573274"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33573274"}]}]}]}
|
| Synonyms | PAD-H19, PAD2, PDI2 |
| Proteins | PADI2_HUMAN |
| NCBI Gene ID | 11240 |
| API | |
| Download Associations | |
| Predicted Functions |
![]() |
| Co-expressed Genes |
![]() |
| Expression in Tissues and Cell Lines |
![]() |
PADI2 has 7,750 functional associations with biological entities spanning 9 categories (molecular profile, organism, chemical, functional term, phrase or reference, disease, phenotype or trait, structural feature, cell line, cell type or tissue, gene, protein or microRNA, sequence feature) extracted from 120 datasets.
Click the + buttons to view associations for PADI2 from the datasets below.
If available, associations are ranked by standardized value
| Dataset | Summary | |
|---|---|---|
| Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles | tissues with high or low expression of PADI2 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
| Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles | tissues with high or low expression of PADI2 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
| Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles | tissue samples with high or low expression of PADI2 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
| Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray | tissue samples with high or low expression of PADI2 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray dataset. | |
| Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq | tissue samples with high or low expression of PADI2 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq dataset. | |
| Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles | tissues with high or low expression of PADI2 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
| BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles | cell lines with high or low expression of PADI2 gene relative to other cell lines from the BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
| BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles | cell types and tissues with high or low expression of PADI2 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
| BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles | cell types and tissues with high or low expression of PADI2 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
| Carcinogenome Chemical Perturbation Carcinogenicity Signatures | small molecule perturbations changing expression of PADI2 gene from the Carcinogenome Chemical Perturbation Carcinogenicity Signatures dataset. | |
| CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles | cell lines with high or low copy number of PADI2 gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset. | |
| CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles | cell lines with high or low expression of PADI2 gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
| CCLE Cell Line Proteomics | Cell lines associated with PADI2 protein from the CCLE Cell Line Proteomics dataset. | |
| CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations | cell types associated with PADI2 gene from the CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations dataset. | |
| ChEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles | transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of PADI2 gene from the CHEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset. | |
| ChEA Transcription Factor Targets | transcription factors binding the promoter of PADI2 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets dataset. | |
| ChEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022 | transcription factors binding the promoter of PADI2 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022 dataset. | |
| CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules | small molecule perturbations changing expression of PADI2 gene from the CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules dataset. | |
| COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores | cellular components containing PADI2 protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset. | |
| COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 | cellular components containing PADI2 protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset. | |
| COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores | cellular components co-occuring with PADI2 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset. | |
| COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 | cellular components co-occuring with PADI2 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset. | |
| COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles | cell lines with high or low copy number of PADI2 gene relative to other cell lines from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset. | |
| COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles | cell lines with PADI2 gene mutations from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles dataset. | |
| CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions | chemicals interacting with PADI2 gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions dataset. | |
| CTD Gene-Disease Associations | diseases associated with PADI2 gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Disease Associations dataset. | |
| DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency | cell lines with fitness changed by PADI2 gene knockdown relative to other cell lines from the DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency dataset. | |
| DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores | diseases associated with PADI2 gene in GWAS datasets from the DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset. | |
| DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025 | diseases associated with PADI2 gene in GWAS datasets from the DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset. | |
| DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores | diseases co-occuring with PADI2 gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset. | |
| DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025 | diseases co-occuring with PADI2 gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset. | |
| DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations | diseases associated with PADI2 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations dataset. | |
| DisGeNET Gene-Phenotype Associations | phenotypes associated with PADI2 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Phenoptype Associations dataset. | |
| DrugBank Drug Targets | interacting drugs for PADI2 protein from the curated DrugBank Drug Targets dataset. | |
| ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles | histone modification site profiles with high histone modification abundance at PADI2 gene from the ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles dataset. | |
| ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles | transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of PADI2 gene from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset. | |
| ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets | transcription factors binding the promoter of PADI2 gene in ChIP-seq datasets from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets dataset. | |
| ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells | PubMedIDs of publications reporting gene signatures containing PADI2 from the ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells dataset. | |
| GAD Gene-Disease Associations | diseases associated with PADI2 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD Gene-Disease Associations dataset. | |
| GAD High Level Gene-Disease Associations | diseases associated with PADI2 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD High Level Gene-Disease Associations dataset. | |
| GDSC Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles | cell lines with high or low expression of PADI2 gene relative to other cell lines from the GDSC Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
| GeneRIF Biological Term Annotations | biological terms co-occuring with PADI2 gene in literature-supported statements describing functions of genes from the GeneRIF Biological Term Annotations dataset. | |
| GeneSigDB Published Gene Signatures | PubMedIDs of publications reporting gene signatures containing PADI2 from the GeneSigDB Published Gene Signatures dataset. | |
| GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Diseases | disease perturbations changing expression of PADI2 gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Diseases dataset. | |
| GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Gene Perturbations | gene perturbations changing expression of PADI2 gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Gene Perturbations dataset. | |
| GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Kinase Perturbations | kinase perturbations changing expression of PADI2 gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Kinase Perturbations dataset. | |
| GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules | small molecule perturbations changing expression of PADI2 gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules dataset. | |
| GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Transcription Factor Perturbations | transcription factor perturbations changing expression of PADI2 gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Transcription Factor Perturbations dataset. | |
| GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Viral Infections | virus perturbations changing expression of PADI2 gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Viral Infections dataset. | |
| GO Biological Process Annotations 2015 | biological processes involving PADI2 gene from the curated GO Biological Process Annotations 2015 dataset. | |
| GO Biological Process Annotations 2023 | biological processes involving PADI2 gene from the curated GO Biological Process Annotations 2023 dataset. | |
| GO Biological Process Annotations 2025 | biological processes involving PADI2 gene from the curated GO Biological Process Annotations2025 dataset. | |
| GO Cellular Component Annotations 2015 | cellular components containing PADI2 protein from the curated GO Cellular Component Annotations 2015 dataset. | |
| GO Cellular Component Annotations 2023 | cellular components containing PADI2 protein from the curated GO Cellular Component Annotations 2023 dataset. | |
| GO Cellular Component Annotations 2025 | cellular components containing PADI2 protein from the curated GO Cellular Component Annotations 2025 dataset. | |
| GO Molecular Function Annotations 2015 | molecular functions performed by PADI2 gene from the curated GO Molecular Function Annotations 2015 dataset. | |
| GO Molecular Function Annotations 2023 | molecular functions performed by PADI2 gene from the curated GO Molecular Function Annotations 2023 dataset. | |
| GO Molecular Function Annotations 2025 | molecular functions performed by PADI2 gene from the curated GO Molecular Function Annotations 2025 dataset. | |
| GTEx eQTL 2025 | SNPs regulating expression of PADI2 gene from the GTEx eQTL 2025 dataset. | |
| GTEx Tissue Gene Expression Profiles | tissues with high or low expression of PADI2 gene relative to other tissues from the GTEx Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
| GTEx Tissue Gene Expression Profiles 2023 | tissues with high or low expression of PADI2 gene relative to other tissues from the GTEx Tissue Gene Expression Profiles 2023 dataset. | |
| GTEx Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles | tissue samples with high or low expression of PADI2 gene relative to other tissue samples from the GTEx Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
| GTEx Tissue-Specific Aging Signatures | tissue samples with high or low expression of PADI2 gene relative to other tissue samples from the GTEx Tissue-Specific Aging Signatures dataset. | |
| GWAS Catalog SNP-Phenotype Associations 2025 | phenotypes associated with PADI2 gene in GWAS datasets from the GWAS Catalog SNP-Phenotype Associations 2025 dataset. | |
| GWASdb SNP-Disease Associations | diseases associated with PADI2 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GWASdb SNP-Disease Associations dataset. | |
| GWASdb SNP-Phenotype Associations | phenotypes associated with PADI2 gene in GWAS datasets from the GWASdb SNP-Phenotype Associations dataset. | |
| Heiser et al., PNAS, 2011 Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles | cell lines with high or low expression of PADI2 gene relative to other cell lines from the Heiser et al., PNAS, 2011 Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
| HMDB Metabolites of Enzymes | interacting metabolites for PADI2 protein from the curated HMDB Metabolites of Enzymes dataset. | |
| HPA Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles | cell lines with high or low expression of PADI2 gene relative to other cell lines from the HPA Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
| HPA Tissue Gene Expression Profiles | tissues with high or low expression of PADI2 gene relative to other tissues from the HPA Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
| HPA Tissue Protein Expression Profiles | tissues with high or low expression of PADI2 protein relative to other tissues from the HPA Tissue Protein Expression Profiles dataset. | |
| HPA Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles | tissue samples with high or low expression of PADI2 gene relative to other tissue samples from the HPA Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
| HuBMAP Azimuth Cell Type Annotations | cell types associated with PADI2 gene from the HuBMAP Azimuth Cell Type Annotations dataset. | |
| HuGE Navigator Gene-Phenotype Associations | phenotypes associated with PADI2 gene by text-mining GWAS publications from the HuGE Navigator Gene-Phenotype Associations dataset. | |
| HumanCyc Pathways | pathways involving PADI2 protein from the HumanCyc Pathways dataset. | |
| IMPC Knockout Mouse Phenotypes | phenotypes of mice caused by PADI2 gene knockout from the IMPC Knockout Mouse Phenotypes dataset. | |
| InterPro Predicted Protein Domain Annotations | protein domains predicted for PADI2 protein from the InterPro Predicted Protein Domain Annotations dataset. | |
| JASPAR Predicted Human Transcription Factor Targets 2025 | transcription factors regulating expression of PADI2 gene predicted using known transcription factor binding site motifs from the JASPAR Predicted Human Transcription Factor Targets dataset. | |
| JASPAR Predicted Mouse Transcription Factor Targets 2025 | transcription factors regulating expression of PADI2 gene predicted using known transcription factor binding site motifs from the JASPAR Predicted Mouse Transcription Factor Targets 2025 dataset. | |
| JASPAR Predicted Transcription Factor Targets | transcription factors regulating expression of PADI2 gene predicted using known transcription factor binding site motifs from the JASPAR Predicted Transcription Factor Targets dataset. | |
| KEGG Pathways 2026 | pathways involving PADI2 protein from the KEGG Pathways 2026 dataset. | |
| Kinase Library Tyrosine Kinome Atlas | kinases that phosphorylate PADI2 protein from the Kinase Library Tyrosine Kinome Atlas dataset. | |
| Klijn et al., Nat. Biotechnol., 2015 Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles | cell lines with high or low copy number of PADI2 gene relative to other cell lines from the Klijn et al., Nat. Biotechnol., 2015 Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset. | |
| Klijn et al., Nat. Biotechnol., 2015 Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles | cell lines with high or low expression of PADI2 gene relative to other cell lines from the Klijn et al., Nat. Biotechnol., 2015 Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
| Klijn et al., Nat. Biotechnol., 2015 Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles | cell lines with PADI2 gene mutations from the Klijn et al., Nat. Biotechnol., 2015 Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles dataset. | |
| KnockTF Gene Expression Profiles with Transcription Factor Perturbations | transcription factor perturbations changing expression of PADI2 gene from the KnockTF Gene Expression Profiles with Transcription Factor Perturbations dataset. | |
| LINCS L1000 CMAP Chemical Perturbation Consensus Signatures | small molecule perturbations changing expression of PADI2 gene from the LINCS L1000 CMAP Chemical Perturbations Consensus Signatures dataset. | |
| LINCS L1000 CMAP CRISPR Knockout Consensus Signatures | gene perturbations changing expression of PADI2 gene from the LINCS L1000 CMAP CRISPR Knockout Consensus Signatures dataset. | |
| LINCS L1000 CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules | small molecule perturbations changing expression of PADI2 gene from the LINCS L1000 CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules dataset. | |
| LOCATE Curated Protein Localization Annotations | cellular components containing PADI2 protein in low- or high-throughput protein localization assays from the LOCATE Curated Protein Localization Annotations dataset. | |
| LOCATE Predicted Protein Localization Annotations | cellular components predicted to contain PADI2 protein from the LOCATE Predicted Protein Localization Annotations dataset. | |
| MGI Mouse Phenotype Associations 2023 | phenotypes of transgenic mice caused by PADI2 gene mutations from the MGI Mouse Phenotype Associations 2023 dataset. | |
| MotifMap Predicted Transcription Factor Targets | transcription factors regulating expression of PADI2 gene predicted using known transcription factor binding site motifs from the MotifMap Predicted Transcription Factor Targets dataset. | |
| MoTrPAC Rat Endurance Exercise Training | tissue samples with high or low expression of PADI2 gene relative to other tissue samples from the MoTrPAC Rat Endurance Exercise Training dataset. | |
| MPO Gene-Phenotype Associations | phenotypes of transgenic mice caused by PADI2 gene mutations from the MPO Gene-Phenotype Associations dataset. | |
| MSigDB Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Cancer Gene Perturbations | gene perturbations changing expression of PADI2 gene from the MSigDB Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Cancer Gene Perturbations dataset. | |
| NURSA Protein Complexes | protein complexs containing PADI2 protein recovered by IP-MS from the NURSA Protein Complexes dataset. | |
| Pathway Commons Protein-Protein Interactions | interacting proteins for PADI2 from the Pathway Commons Protein-Protein Interactions dataset. | |
| PerturbAtlas Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Gene Perturbations | gene perturbations changing expression of PADI2 gene from the PerturbAtlas Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Gene Perturbations dataset. | |
| PerturbAtlas Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Mouse Gene Perturbations | gene perturbations changing expression of PADI2 gene from the PerturbAtlas Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Gene Perturbations dataset. | |
| PFOCR Pathway Figure Associations 2023 | pathways involving PADI2 protein from the PFOCR Pathway Figure Associations 2023 dataset. | |
| PFOCR Pathway Figure Associations 2024 | pathways involving PADI2 protein from the Wikipathways PFOCR 2024 dataset. | |
| Reactome Pathways 2024 | pathways involving PADI2 protein from the Reactome Pathways 2024 dataset. | |
| Roadmap Epigenomics Cell and Tissue DNA Methylation Profiles | cell types and tissues with high or low DNA methylation of PADI2 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the Roadmap Epigenomics Cell and Tissue DNA Methylation Profiles dataset. | |
| Roadmap Epigenomics Cell and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles | cell types and tissues with high or low expression of PADI2 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the Roadmap Epigenomics Cell and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
| Roadmap Epigenomics Histone Modification Site Profiles | histone modification site profiles with high histone modification abundance at PADI2 gene from the Roadmap Epigenomics Histone Modification Site Profiles dataset. | |
| RummaGEO Drug Perturbation Signatures | drug perturbations changing expression of PADI2 gene from the RummaGEO Drug Perturbation Signatures dataset. | |
| RummaGEO Gene Perturbation Signatures | gene perturbations changing expression of PADI2 gene from the RummaGEO Gene Perturbation Signatures dataset. | |
| Sanger Dependency Map Cancer Cell Line Proteomics | cell lines associated with PADI2 protein from the Sanger Dependency Map Cancer Cell Line Proteomics dataset. | |
| Sci-Plex Drug Perturbation Signatures | drug perturbations changing expression of PADI2 gene from the Sci-Plex Drug Perturbation Signatures dataset. | |
| Tabula Sapiens Gene-Cell Associations | cell types with high or low expression of PADI2 gene relative to other cell types from the Tabula Sapiens Gene-Cell Associations dataset. | |
| TargetScan Predicted Conserved microRNA Targets | microRNAs regulating expression of PADI2 gene predicted using conserved miRNA seed sequences from the TargetScan Predicted Conserved microRNA Targets dataset. | |
| TargetScan Predicted Nonconserved microRNA Targets | microRNAs regulating expression of PADI2 gene predicted using nonconserved miRNA seed sequences from the TargetScan Predicted Nonconserved microRNA Targets dataset. | |
| TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors | tissue samples with high or low expression of PADI2 gene relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset. | |
| TISSUES Curated Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores | tissues with high expression of PADI2 protein from the TISSUES Curated Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores dataset. | |
| TISSUES Curated Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025 | tissues with high expression of PADI2 protein from the TISSUES Curated Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025 dataset. | |
| TISSUES Experimental Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores | tissues with high expression of PADI2 protein in proteomics datasets from the TISSUES Experimental Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores dataset. | |
| TISSUES Experimental Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025 | tissues with high expression of PADI2 protein in proteomics datasets from the TISSUES Experimental Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025 dataset. | |
| TISSUES Text-mining Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores | tissues co-occuring with PADI2 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the TISSUES Text-mining Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores dataset. | |
| TISSUES Text-mining Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025 | tissues co-occuring with PADI2 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the TISSUES Text-mining Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025 dataset. | |