{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nPANX2 is a channel‐forming glycoprotein that assembles into large‐pore oligomeric structures and exhibits features distinct from its paralog PANX1. Structural studies have revealed that PANX2 forms doughnut‐ or heptamer‐shaped assemblies with an extracellular selectivity filter reminiscent of that found in volume‐regulated anion channels, conferring the ability to mediate ATP release. In addition, post‐translational modifications such as N‐glycosylation, which occurs at a unique site, are crucial for its proper folding and intracellular trafficking, thereby influencing its ability to interact with PANX1 and modulate channel properties."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "5"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nIn the central nervous system, PANX2 displays a predominantly intracellular distribution, setting it apart from other gap junction‐like proteins, and its expression pattern has been linked to neural development and disease. In gliomas, reduced PANX2 levels correlate with unfavorable tumor growth characteristics, whereas restoring its expression can suppress oncogenicity and improve patient survival. Similarly, changes in PANX2 expression have been detected in epileptic conditions, including temporal lobe epilepsy and focal cortical dysplasia, suggesting a role in modulating neuronal signaling, cell differentiation, and possibly serving as a negative growth regulator. Although genetic association studies in schizophrenia have yielded only limited support for its involvement in disease risk, these findings further highlight its potential contribution to neurophysiological processes."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "6", "end_ref": "10"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nOutside the nervous system, PANX2 exerts important functions in non‐neuronal tissues. In pancreatic β‐cells, PANX2 exhibits anti‐apoptotic properties, as its downregulation intensifies cytokine‐induced cell death and impairs insulin secretion, emphasizing a protective role under inflammatory stress. Increased PANX2 expression in circulating blood cells has also been noted in the context of cardiovascular disease, positioning it as a potential biomarker. Moreover, in colorectal cancer, elevated PANX2 levels promote cell proliferation, migration, and chemoresistance—likely via activation of the PI3K–AKT signaling pathway—underscoring its emerging significance as a therapeutic target. Finally, expression analyses in pluripotent stem cells suggest that PANX2 may contribute to early developmental processes."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "11", "end_ref": "14"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cinzia Ambrosi, Oliver Gassmann, Jennifer N Pranskevich, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Pannexin1 and Pannexin2 channels show quaternary similarities to connexons and different oligomerization numbers from each other."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Biol Chem (2010)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1074/jbc.M110.115444"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M110.115444"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "20516070"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20516070"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Silvia Penuela, Luke Harland, Jamie Simek, et al. 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