HGNC Family | Protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunits (PPP1R) |
Name | par-3 family cell polarity regulator |
Description | This gene encodes a member of the PARD protein family. PARD family members interact with other PARD family members and other proteins; they affect asymmetrical cell division and direct polarized cell growth. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011] |
Summary |
{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nPartitioning‐defective 3 (PARD3) is a master scaffold protein that plays a central role in establishing and maintaining cell polarity. It localizes at the apical junctions of epithelial and endothelial cells and organizes the assembly of tight junctions through its interaction with key partners such as PARD6 and atypical protein kinase C (aPKC). In kidney epithelial cells, for example, PARD3 is recruited to the slit diaphragm to help maintain the three‐dimensional architecture necessary for a functional filtration barrier, while in endothelial cells a distinct PARD3 complex contributes to adherens junction formation. Moreover, dynamic regulation of its localization—modulated by phosphorylation events in response to extracellular signals—ensures proper assembly of cell–cell contacts and barrier integrity."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "6"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nIn diverse cancer contexts, aberrations in PARD3 function—whether through gene deletion, downregulation, or mislocalization—lead to disrupted tight junction formation and loss of cell–cell adhesion, thereby promoting epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), enhanced cell migration, invasion, and metastasis. For instance, diminished PARD3 expression has been linked to aggressive behavior in esophageal, lung, thyroid, and pancreatic cancers, where its loss destabilizes E-cadherin junctions and alters actomyosin contractility. In addition, viral oncoproteins such as those from high-risk human papillomaviruses can trigger PARD3 downregulation to cooperate with oncogenes and further drive invasive transformation."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "7", "end_ref": "14"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nBeyond its structural role, PARD3 engages in intricate signaling networks that further refine its impact on cell behavior. It can facilitate Hippo pathway regulation by promoting LATS1 dephosphorylation via association with phosphatases, thereby modulating the activity of downstream effectors such as TAZ. Interaction with other signaling molecules—including components of G‐protein and phospholipase C–mediated cascades—also underscores its role in coordinating cytoskeletal dynamics and directional migration. In several settings, its phosphorylation status (for example, by Aurora A or other kinases) is critical for controlling binding affinity to partners like LIM kinase or for regulating dephosphorylation by receptor-linked phosphatases, ensuring that extracellular stimuli translate into precise changes in cell polarity."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "15", "end_ref": "20"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nGenetic alterations and variations in PARD3 not only contribute to tumor aggressiveness but also have developmental implications. Rare deleterious variants in critical domains of PARD3 have been associated with neural tube defects, implicating its role in neuroepithelial polarization during embryogenesis. Furthermore, regulatory axes—involving noncoding RNAs that sponge specific microRNAs—can modulate PARD3 expression to affect metabolic processes such as autophagy in colorectal cancer. Phosphorylation‐mediated regulation is also vital in neuronal polarity, where Aurora A–dependent modification of PARD3 supports proper axon/dendrite specification. In other viral oncogenesis models, misregulation of PARD3 has been observed to foster EMT and promote malignant transformation."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "21", "end_ref": "24"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Takashi Nishimura, Kozo Kaibuchi "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Numb controls integrin endocytosis for directional cell migration with aPKC and PAR-3."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Dev Cell (2007)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.devcel.2007.05.003"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.devcel.2007.05.003"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "17609107"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17609107"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Björn Hartleben, Heiko Schweizer, Pauline Lübben, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Neph-Nephrin proteins bind the Par3-Par6-atypical protein kinase C (aPKC) complex to regulate podocyte cell polarity."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Biol Chem (2008)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1074/jbc.M803143200"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M803143200"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "18562307"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18562307"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "K Zen, K Yasui, Y Gen, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Defective expression of polarity protein PAR-3 gene (PARD3) in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Oncogene (2009)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/onc.2009.148"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/onc.2009.148"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "19503097"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19503097"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Sandra Iden, Daniela Rehder, Benjamin August, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "A distinct PAR complex associates physically with VE-cadherin in vertebrate endothelial cells."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "EMBO Rep (2006)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/sj.embor.7400819"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.embor.7400819"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "17057644"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17057644"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 5, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Yiguo Wang, Dan Du, Longhou Fang, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Tyrosine phosphorylated Par3 regulates epithelial tight junction assembly promoted by EGFR signaling."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "EMBO J (2006)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/sj.emboj.7601384"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.emboj.7601384"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "17053785"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17053785"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 6, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Min Yu, Songwei Yang, Yuan Qiu, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Par-3 modulates intestinal epithelial barrier function through regulating intracellular trafficking of occludin and myosin light chain phosphorylation."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Gastroenterol (2015)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1007/s00535-015-1066-z"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00535-015-1066-z"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "25820151"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25820151"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 7, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cristina Hidalgo-Carcedo, Steven Hooper, Shahid I Chaudhry, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Collective cell migration requires suppression of actomyosin at cell-cell contacts mediated by DDR1 and the cell polarity regulators Par3 and Par6."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nat Cell Biol (2011)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/ncb2133"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/ncb2133"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "21170030"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21170030"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 8, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Luke Martin McCaffrey, JoAnne Montalbano, Constantina Mihai, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Loss of the Par3 polarity protein promotes breast tumorigenesis and metastasis."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cancer Cell (2012)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.ccr.2012.10.003"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccr.2012.10.003"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "23153534"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23153534"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 9, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Yuki Yoshimatsu, Tomomi Nakahara, Katsuyuki Tanaka, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Roles of the PDZ-binding motif of HPV 16 E6 protein in oncogenic transformation of human cervical keratinocytes."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cancer Sci (2017)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1111/cas.13264"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/cas.13264"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "28440909"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28440909"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 10, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Ester Bonastre, Sara Verdura, Ilse Zondervan, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "PARD3 Inactivation in Lung Squamous Cell Carcinomas Impairs STAT3 and Promotes Malignant Invasion."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cancer Res (2015)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-14-2444"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-14-2444"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "25833829"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25833829"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 11, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Xiaoping Zhang, Lin Liu, Xianzhao Deng, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "MicroRNA 483-3p targets Pard3 to potentiate TGF-β1-induced cell migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in anaplastic thyroid cancer cells."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Oncogene (2019)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/s41388-018-0447-1"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41388-018-0447-1"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "30171257"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30171257"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 12, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Xingjun Guo, Min Wang, Yan Zhao, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Par3 regulates invasion of pancreatic cancer cells via interaction with Tiam1."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Clin Exp Med (2016)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1007/s10238-015-0365-2"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10238-015-0365-2"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "26084985"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26084985"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 13, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Hiroe Nakamura, Kazunori Nagasaka, Kei Kawana, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Expression of Par3 polarity protein correlates with poor prognosis in ovarian cancer."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "BMC Cancer (2016)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1186/s12885-016-2929-2"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-016-2929-2"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "27855669"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27855669"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 14, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cuiping Zhang, Yvonne N Fondufe-Mittendorf, Chi Wang, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Latexin regulation by HMGB2 is required for hematopoietic stem cell maintenance."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Haematologica (2020)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.3324/haematol.2018.207092"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.3324/haematol.2018.207092"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "31171637"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31171637"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 15, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "K Zhang, H Zhao, Z Ji, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Shp2 promotes metastasis of prostate cancer by attenuating the PAR3/PAR6/aPKC polarity protein complex and enhancing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Oncogene (2016)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/onc.2015.184"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/onc.2015.184"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "26050620"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26050620"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 16, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Yi Cai, Lewis J Stafford, Brad A Bryan, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "G-protein-activated phospholipase C-beta, new partners for cell polarity proteins Par3 and Par6."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Oncogene (2005)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/sj.onc.1208593"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.onc.1208593"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "15782111"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15782111"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 17, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Gareth W Fearnley, Katherine A Young, James R Edgar, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "The homophilic receptor PTPRK selectively dephosphorylates multiple junctional regulators to promote cell-cell adhesion."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Elife (2019)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.7554/eLife.44597"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.44597"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "30924770"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30924770"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 18, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Qiyuan Zhou, Jingbo Dai, Tianji Chen, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Downregulation of PKCζ/Pard3/Pard6b is responsible for lung adenocarcinoma cell EMT and invasion."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cell Signal (2017)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.06.016"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.06.016"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "28652146"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28652146"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 19, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Ziqiang Yang, Bin Xue, Masataka Umitsu, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "The signaling adaptor GAB1 regulates cell polarity by acting as a PAR protein scaffold."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mol Cell (2012)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.molcel.2012.06.037"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molcel.2012.06.037"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "22883624"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22883624"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 20, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Pei-Jie Zhou, Wei Xue, Jinliang Peng, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Elevated expression of Par3 promotes prostate cancer metastasis by forming a Par3/aPKC/KIBRA complex and inactivating the hippo pathway."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Exp Clin Cancer Res (2017)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1186/s13046-017-0609-y"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s13046-017-0609-y"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "29017577"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29017577"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 21, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Xiaoli Chen, Yu An, Yonghui Gao, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Rare Deleterious PARD3 Variants in the aPKC-Binding Region are Implicated in the Pathogenesis of Human Cranial Neural Tube Defects Via Disrupting Apical Tight Junction Formation."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Hum Mutat (2017)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1002/humu.23153"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/humu.23153"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "27925688"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27925688"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 22, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Zhaozhi Wang, Jianjun Jin "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "LncRNA SLCO4A1-AS1 promotes colorectal cancer cell proliferation by enhancing autophagy via miR-508-3p/PARD3 axis."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Aging (Albany NY) (2019)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.18632/aging.102081"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.102081"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "31308265"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31308265"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 23, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mohammad R Khazaei, Andreas W Püschel "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Phosphorylation of the par polarity complex protein Par3 at serine 962 is mediated by aurora a and regulates its function in neuronal polarity."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Biol Chem (2009)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1074/jbc.M109.055897"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M109.055897"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "19812038"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19812038"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 24, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Hem C Jha, Zhiguo Sun, Santosh K Upadhyay, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "KSHV-Mediated Regulation of Par3 and SNAIL Contributes to B-Cell Proliferation."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "PLoS Pathog (2016)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1371/journal.ppat.1005801"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1005801"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "27463802"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27463802"}]}]}]}
|
Synonyms | BAZ, PARD-3, SE2-5L16, PAR3ALPHA, PPP1R118, ASIP, PARD3A, SE2-5LT1, SE2-5T2 |
Proteins | PARD3_HUMAN |
NCBI Gene ID | 56288 |
API | |
Download Associations | |
Predicted Functions |
![]() |
Co-expressed Genes |
![]() |
Expression in Tissues and Cell Lines |
![]() |
PARD3 has 8,071 functional associations with biological entities spanning 9 categories (molecular profile, organism, chemical, functional term, phrase or reference, disease, phenotype or trait, structural feature, cell line, cell type or tissue, gene, protein or microRNA, sequence feature) extracted from 130 datasets.
Click the + buttons to view associations for PARD3 from the datasets below.
If available, associations are ranked by standardized value
Dataset | Summary | |
---|---|---|
Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles | tissues with high or low expression of PARD3 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles | tissues with high or low expression of PARD3 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray | tissue samples with high or low expression of PARD3 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray dataset. | |
Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq | tissue samples with high or low expression of PARD3 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq dataset. | |
Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles | tissues with high or low expression of PARD3 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles | cell lines with high or low expression of PARD3 gene relative to other cell lines from the BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles | cell types and tissues with high or low expression of PARD3 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles | cell types and tissues with high or low expression of PARD3 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles | cell lines with high or low copy number of PARD3 gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset. | |
CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles | cell lines with high or low expression of PARD3 gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
CCLE Cell Line Proteomics | Cell lines associated with PARD3 protein from the CCLE Cell Line Proteomics dataset. | |
CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations | cell types associated with PARD3 gene from the CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations dataset. | |
ChEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles | transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of PARD3 gene from the CHEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset. | |
ChEA Transcription Factor Targets | transcription factors binding the promoter of PARD3 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets dataset. | |
ChEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022 | transcription factors binding the promoter of PARD3 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022 dataset. | |
CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules | small molecule perturbations changing expression of PARD3 gene from the CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules dataset. | |
COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores | cellular components containing PARD3 protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset. | |
COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 | cellular components containing PARD3 protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset. | |
COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores | cellular components containing PARD3 protein in low- or high-throughput protein localization assays from the COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset. | |
COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 | cellular components containing PARD3 protein in low- or high-throughput protein localization assays from the COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset. | |
COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores | cellular components co-occuring with PARD3 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset. | |
COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 | cellular components co-occuring with PARD3 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset. | |
CORUM Protein Complexes | protein complexs containing PARD3 protein from the CORUM Protein Complexes dataset. | |
COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles | cell lines with high or low copy number of PARD3 gene relative to other cell lines from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset. | |
COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles | cell lines with PARD3 gene mutations from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles dataset. | |
CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions | chemicals interacting with PARD3 gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions dataset. | |
CTD Gene-Disease Associations | diseases associated with PARD3 gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Disease Associations dataset. | |
dbGAP Gene-Trait Associations | traits associated with PARD3 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the dbGAP Gene-Trait Associations dataset. | |
DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency | cell lines with fitness changed by PARD3 gene knockdown relative to other cell lines from the DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency dataset. | |
DEPOD Substrates of Phosphatases | phosphatases that dephosphorylate PARD3 protein from the curated DEPOD Substrates of Phosphatases dataset. | |
DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores | diseases associated with PARD3 gene in GWAS datasets from the DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset. | |
DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025 | diseases associated with PARD3 gene in GWAS datasets from the DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset. | |
DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores | diseases co-occuring with PARD3 gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset. | |
DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025 | diseases co-occuring with PARD3 gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset. | |
DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations | diseases associated with PARD3 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations dataset. | |
DisGeNET Gene-Phenotype Associations | phenotypes associated with PARD3 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Phenoptype Associations dataset. | |
ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles | histone modification site profiles with high histone modification abundance at PARD3 gene from the ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles dataset. | |
ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles | transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of PARD3 gene from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset. | |
ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets | transcription factors binding the promoter of PARD3 gene in ChIP-seq datasets from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets dataset. | |
ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells | PubMedIDs of publications reporting gene signatures containing PARD3 from the ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells dataset. | |
GAD Gene-Disease Associations | diseases associated with PARD3 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD Gene-Disease Associations dataset. | |
GAD High Level Gene-Disease Associations | diseases associated with PARD3 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD High Level Gene-Disease Associations dataset. | |
GDSC Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles | cell lines with high or low expression of PARD3 gene relative to other cell lines from the GDSC Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
GeneRIF Biological Term Annotations | biological terms co-occuring with PARD3 gene in literature-supported statements describing functions of genes from the GeneRIF Biological Term Annotations dataset. | |
GeneSigDB Published Gene Signatures | PubMedIDs of publications reporting gene signatures containing PARD3 from the GeneSigDB Published Gene Signatures dataset. | |
GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Diseases | disease perturbations changing expression of PARD3 gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Diseases dataset. | |
GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Gene Perturbations | gene perturbations changing expression of PARD3 gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Gene Perturbations dataset. | |
GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Kinase Perturbations | kinase perturbations changing expression of PARD3 gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Kinase Perturbations dataset. | |
GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules | small molecule perturbations changing expression of PARD3 gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules dataset. | |
GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Transcription Factor Perturbations | transcription factor perturbations changing expression of PARD3 gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Transcription Factor Perturbations dataset. | |
GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Viral Infections | virus perturbations changing expression of PARD3 gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Viral Infections dataset. | |
GO Biological Process Annotations 2015 | biological processes involving PARD3 gene from the curated GO Biological Process Annotations 2015 dataset. | |
GO Biological Process Annotations 2023 | biological processes involving PARD3 gene from the curated GO Biological Process Annotations 2023 dataset. | |
GO Biological Process Annotations 2025 | biological processes involving PARD3 gene from the curated GO Biological Process Annotations2025 dataset. | |
GO Cellular Component Annotations 2015 | cellular components containing PARD3 protein from the curated GO Cellular Component Annotations 2015 dataset. | |
GO Cellular Component Annotations 2023 | cellular components containing PARD3 protein from the curated GO Cellular Component Annotations 2023 dataset. | |
GO Cellular Component Annotations 2025 | cellular components containing PARD3 protein from the curated GO Cellular Component Annotations 2025 dataset. | |
GO Molecular Function Annotations 2015 | molecular functions performed by PARD3 gene from the curated GO Molecular Function Annotations 2015 dataset. | |
GO Molecular Function Annotations 2023 | molecular functions performed by PARD3 gene from the curated GO Molecular Function Annotations 2023 dataset. | |
GO Molecular Function Annotations 2025 | molecular functions performed by PARD3 gene from the curated GO Molecular Function Annotations 2025 dataset. | |
GTEx eQTL 2025 | SNPs regulating expression of PARD3 gene from the GTEx eQTL 2025 dataset. | |
GTEx Tissue Gene Expression Profiles | tissues with high or low expression of PARD3 gene relative to other tissues from the GTEx Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
GTEx Tissue Gene Expression Profiles 2023 | tissues with high or low expression of PARD3 gene relative to other tissues from the GTEx Tissue Gene Expression Profiles 2023 dataset. | |
GTEx Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles | tissue samples with high or low expression of PARD3 gene relative to other tissue samples from the GTEx Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
GTEx Tissue-Specific Aging Signatures | tissue samples with high or low expression of PARD3 gene relative to other tissue samples from the GTEx Tissue-Specific Aging Signatures dataset. | |
GWAS Catalog SNP-Phenotype Associations | phenotypes associated with PARD3 gene in GWAS datasets from the GWAS Catalog SNP-Phenotype Associations dataset. | |
GWASdb SNP-Disease Associations | diseases associated with PARD3 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GWASdb SNP-Disease Associations dataset. | |
GWASdb SNP-Phenotype Associations | phenotypes associated with PARD3 gene in GWAS datasets from the GWASdb SNP-Phenotype Associations dataset. | |
Heiser et al., PNAS, 2011 Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles | cell lines with high or low expression of PARD3 gene relative to other cell lines from the Heiser et al., PNAS, 2011 Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
HMDB Metabolites of Enzymes | interacting metabolites for PARD3 protein from the curated HMDB Metabolites of Enzymes dataset. | |
HPA Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles | cell lines with high or low expression of PARD3 gene relative to other cell lines from the HPA Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
HPA Tissue Gene Expression Profiles | tissues with high or low expression of PARD3 gene relative to other tissues from the HPA Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
HPA Tissue Protein Expression Profiles | tissues with high or low expression of PARD3 protein relative to other tissues from the HPA Tissue Protein Expression Profiles dataset. | |
HPA Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles | tissue samples with high or low expression of PARD3 gene relative to other tissue samples from the HPA Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
HPM Cell Type and Tissue Protein Expression Profiles | cell types and tissues with high or low expression of PARD3 protein relative to other cell types and tissues from the HPM Cell Type and Tissue Protein Expression Profiles dataset. | |
Hub Proteins Protein-Protein Interactions | interacting hub proteins for PARD3 from the curated Hub Proteins Protein-Protein Interactions dataset. | |
HuBMAP Azimuth Cell Type Annotations | cell types associated with PARD3 gene from the HuBMAP Azimuth Cell Type Annotations dataset. | |
HuGE Navigator Gene-Phenotype Associations | phenotypes associated with PARD3 gene by text-mining GWAS publications from the HuGE Navigator Gene-Phenotype Associations dataset. | |
IMPC Knockout Mouse Phenotypes | phenotypes of mice caused by PARD3 gene knockout from the IMPC Knockout Mouse Phenotypes dataset. | |
InterPro Predicted Protein Domain Annotations | protein domains predicted for PARD3 protein from the InterPro Predicted Protein Domain Annotations dataset. | |
JASPAR Predicted Transcription Factor Targets | transcription factors regulating expression of PARD3 gene predicted using known transcription factor binding site motifs from the JASPAR Predicted Transcription Factor Targets dataset. | |
KEA Substrates of Kinases | kinases that phosphorylate PARD3 protein from the curated KEA Substrates of Kinases dataset. | |
KEGG Pathways | pathways involving PARD3 protein from the KEGG Pathways dataset. | |
Kinase Library Serine Threonine Kinome Atlas | kinases that phosphorylate PARD3 protein from the Kinase Library Serine Threonine Atlas dataset. | |
Klijn et al., Nat. Biotechnol., 2015 Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles | cell lines with high or low copy number of PARD3 gene relative to other cell lines from the Klijn et al., Nat. Biotechnol., 2015 Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset. | |
Klijn et al., Nat. Biotechnol., 2015 Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles | cell lines with high or low expression of PARD3 gene relative to other cell lines from the Klijn et al., Nat. Biotechnol., 2015 Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
Klijn et al., Nat. Biotechnol., 2015 Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles | cell lines with PARD3 gene mutations from the Klijn et al., Nat. Biotechnol., 2015 Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles dataset. | |
KnockTF Gene Expression Profiles with Transcription Factor Perturbations | transcription factor perturbations changing expression of PARD3 gene from the KnockTF Gene Expression Profiles with Transcription Factor Perturbations dataset. | |
LINCS L1000 CMAP Chemical Perturbation Consensus Signatures | small molecule perturbations changing expression of PARD3 gene from the LINCS L1000 CMAP Chemical Perturbations Consensus Signatures dataset. | |
LINCS L1000 CMAP CRISPR Knockout Consensus Signatures | gene perturbations changing expression of PARD3 gene from the LINCS L1000 CMAP CRISPR Knockout Consensus Signatures dataset. | |
LINCS L1000 CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules | small molecule perturbations changing expression of PARD3 gene from the LINCS L1000 CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules dataset. | |
LOCATE Curated Protein Localization Annotations | cellular components containing PARD3 protein in low- or high-throughput protein localization assays from the LOCATE Curated Protein Localization Annotations dataset. | |
LOCATE Predicted Protein Localization Annotations | cellular components predicted to contain PARD3 protein from the LOCATE Predicted Protein Localization Annotations dataset. | |
MGI Mouse Phenotype Associations 2023 | phenotypes of transgenic mice caused by PARD3 gene mutations from the MGI Mouse Phenotype Associations 2023 dataset. | |
MiRTarBase microRNA Targets | microRNAs targeting PARD3 gene in low- or high-throughput microRNA targeting studies from the MiRTarBase microRNA Targets dataset. | |
MotifMap Predicted Transcription Factor Targets | transcription factors regulating expression of PARD3 gene predicted using known transcription factor binding site motifs from the MotifMap Predicted Transcription Factor Targets dataset. | |
MPO Gene-Phenotype Associations | phenotypes of transgenic mice caused by PARD3 gene mutations from the MPO Gene-Phenotype Associations dataset. | |
NIBR DRUG-seq U2OS MoA Box Gene Expression Profiles | drug perturbations changing expression of PARD3 gene from the NIBR DRUG-seq U2OS MoA Box dataset. | |
NURSA Protein Complexes | protein complexs containing PARD3 protein recovered by IP-MS from the NURSA Protein Complexes dataset. | |
Pathway Commons Protein-Protein Interactions | interacting proteins for PARD3 from the Pathway Commons Protein-Protein Interactions dataset. | |
PerturbAtlas Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Gene Perturbations | gene perturbations changing expression of PARD3 gene from the PerturbAtlas Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Gene Perturbations dataset. | |
PerturbAtlas Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Mouse Gene Perturbations | gene perturbations changing expression of PARD3 gene from the PerturbAtlas Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Gene Perturbations dataset. | |
PFOCR Pathway Figure Associations 2023 | pathways involving PARD3 protein from the PFOCR Pathway Figure Associations 2023 dataset. | |
PFOCR Pathway Figure Associations 2024 | pathways involving PARD3 protein from the Wikipathways PFOCR 2024 dataset. | |
Phosphosite Textmining Biological Term Annotations | biological terms co-occuring with PARD3 protein in abstracts of publications describing phosphosites from the Phosphosite Textmining Biological Term Annotations dataset. | |
PhosphoSitePlus Substrates of Kinases | kinases that phosphorylate PARD3 protein from the curated PhosphoSitePlus Substrates of Kinases dataset. | |
Reactome Pathways 2014 | pathways involving PARD3 protein from the Reactome Pathways dataset. | |
Reactome Pathways 2024 | pathways involving PARD3 protein from the Reactome Pathways 2024 dataset. | |
Replogle et al., Cell, 2022 K562 Essential Perturb-seq Gene Perturbation Signatures | gene perturbations changing expression of PARD3 gene from the Replogle et al., Cell, 2022 K562 Essential Perturb-seq Gene Perturbation Signatures dataset. | |
Replogle et al., Cell, 2022 K562 Genome-wide Perturb-seq Gene Perturbation Signatures | gene perturbations changing expression of PARD3 gene from the Replogle et al., Cell, 2022 K562 Genome-wide Perturb-seq Gene Perturbation Signatures dataset. | |
Roadmap Epigenomics Cell and Tissue DNA Methylation Profiles | cell types and tissues with high or low DNA methylation of PARD3 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the Roadmap Epigenomics Cell and Tissue DNA Methylation Profiles dataset. | |
Roadmap Epigenomics Cell and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles | cell types and tissues with high or low expression of PARD3 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the Roadmap Epigenomics Cell and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
Roadmap Epigenomics Histone Modification Site Profiles | histone modification site profiles with high histone modification abundance at PARD3 gene from the Roadmap Epigenomics Histone Modification Site Profiles dataset. | |
RummaGEO Drug Perturbation Signatures | drug perturbations changing expression of PARD3 gene from the RummaGEO Drug Perturbation Signatures dataset. | |
RummaGEO Gene Perturbation Signatures | gene perturbations changing expression of PARD3 gene from the RummaGEO Gene Perturbation Signatures dataset. | |
Sanger Dependency Map Cancer Cell Line Proteomics | cell lines associated with PARD3 protein from the Sanger Dependency Map Cancer Cell Line Proteomics dataset. | |
SILAC Phosphoproteomics Signatures of Differentially Phosphorylated Proteins for Drugs | drug perturbations changing phosphorylation of PARD3 protein from the SILAC Phosphoproteomics Signatures of Differentially Phosphorylated Proteins for Drugs dataset. | |
SILAC Phosphoproteomics Signatures of Differentially Phosphorylated Proteins for Gene Perturbations | gene perturbations changing phosphorylation of PARD3 protein from the SILAC Phosphoproteomics Signatures of Differentially Phosphorylated Proteins for Gene Perturbations dataset. | |
SILAC Phosphoproteomics Signatures of Differentially Phosphorylated Proteins for Protein Ligands | ligand (protein) perturbations changing phosphorylation of PARD3 protein from the SILAC Phosphoproteomics Signatures of Differentially Phosphorylated Proteins for Protein Ligands dataset. | |
TargetScan Predicted Conserved microRNA Targets | microRNAs regulating expression of PARD3 gene predicted using conserved miRNA seed sequences from the TargetScan Predicted Conserved microRNA Targets dataset. | |
TargetScan Predicted Nonconserved microRNA Targets | microRNAs regulating expression of PARD3 gene predicted using nonconserved miRNA seed sequences from the TargetScan Predicted Nonconserved microRNA Targets dataset. | |
TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors | tissue samples with high or low expression of PARD3 gene relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset. | |
TISSUES Curated Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores | tissues with high expression of PARD3 protein from the TISSUES Curated Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores dataset. | |
TISSUES Curated Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025 | tissues with high expression of PARD3 protein from the TISSUES Curated Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025 dataset. | |
TISSUES Experimental Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores | tissues with high expression of PARD3 protein in proteomics datasets from the TISSUES Experimental Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores dataset. | |
TISSUES Experimental Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025 | tissues with high expression of PARD3 protein in proteomics datasets from the TISSUES Experimental Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025 dataset. | |
TISSUES Text-mining Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores | tissues co-occuring with PARD3 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the TISSUES Text-mining Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores dataset. | |
TISSUES Text-mining Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025 | tissues co-occuring with PARD3 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the TISSUES Text-mining Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025 dataset. | |
WikiPathways Pathways 2014 | pathways involving PARD3 protein from the Wikipathways Pathways 2014 dataset. | |
WikiPathways Pathways 2024 | pathways involving PARD3 protein from the WikiPathways Pathways 2024 dataset. | |