PARD3 Gene

HGNC Family	Protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunits (PPP1R)
Name	par-3 family cell polarity regulator
Description	This gene encodes a member of the PARD protein family. PARD family members interact with other PARD family members and other proteins; they affect asymmetrical cell division and direct polarized cell growth. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011]
Summary	{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nPartitioning‐defective 3 (PARD3) is a master scaffold protein that plays a central role in establishing and maintaining cell polarity. It localizes at the apical junctions of epithelial and endothelial cells and organizes the assembly of tight junctions through its interaction with key partners such as PARD6 and atypical protein kinase C (aPKC). In kidney epithelial cells, for example, PARD3 is recruited to the slit diaphragm to help maintain the three‐dimensional architecture necessary for a functional filtration barrier, while in endothelial cells a distinct PARD3 complex contributes to adherens junction formation. Moreover, dynamic regulation of its localization—modulated by phosphorylation events in response to extracellular signals—ensures proper assembly of cell–cell contacts and barrier integrity."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "6"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nIn diverse cancer contexts, aberrations in PARD3 function—whether through gene deletion, downregulation, or mislocalization—lead to disrupted tight junction formation and loss of cell–cell adhesion, thereby promoting epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), enhanced cell migration, invasion, and metastasis. For instance, diminished PARD3 expression has been linked to aggressive behavior in esophageal, lung, thyroid, and pancreatic cancers, where its loss destabilizes E-cadherin junctions and alters actomyosin contractility. In addition, viral oncoproteins such as those from high-risk human papillomaviruses can trigger PARD3 downregulation to cooperate with oncogenes and further drive invasive transformation."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "7", "end_ref": "14"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nBeyond its structural role, PARD3 engages in intricate signaling networks that further refine its impact on cell behavior. It can facilitate Hippo pathway regulation by promoting LATS1 dephosphorylation via association with phosphatases, thereby modulating the activity of downstream effectors such as TAZ. Interaction with other signaling molecules—including components of G‐protein and phospholipase C–mediated cascades—also underscores its role in coordinating cytoskeletal dynamics and directional migration. In several settings, its phosphorylation status (for example, by Aurora A or other kinases) is critical for controlling binding affinity to partners like LIM kinase or for regulating dephosphorylation by receptor-linked phosphatases, ensuring that extracellular stimuli translate into precise changes in cell polarity."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "15", "end_ref": "20"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nGenetic alterations and variations in PARD3 not only contribute to tumor aggressiveness but also have developmental implications. Rare deleterious variants in critical domains of PARD3 have been associated with neural tube defects, implicating its role in neuroepithelial polarization during embryogenesis. Furthermore, regulatory axes—involving noncoding RNAs that sponge specific microRNAs—can modulate PARD3 expression to affect metabolic processes such as autophagy in colorectal cancer. Phosphorylation‐mediated regulation is also vital in neuronal polarity, where Aurora A–dependent modification of PARD3 supports proper axon/dendrite specification. In other viral oncogenesis models, misregulation of PARD3 has been observed to foster EMT and promote malignant transformation."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "21", "end_ref": "24"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Takashi Nishimura, Kozo Kaibuchi "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Numb controls integrin endocytosis for directional cell migration with aPKC and PAR-3."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Dev Cell (2007)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.devcel.2007.05.003"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.devcel.2007.05.003"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "17609107"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17609107"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Björn Hartleben, Heiko Schweizer, Pauline Lübben, et al. 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"}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "KSHV-Mediated Regulation of Par3 and SNAIL Contributes to B-Cell Proliferation."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "PLoS Pathog (2016)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1371/journal.ppat.1005801"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1005801"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "27463802"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27463802"}]}]}]}
Synonyms	BAZ, PARD-3, SE2-5L16, PAR3ALPHA, PPP1R118, ASIP, PARD3A, SE2-5LT1, SE2-5T2
Proteins	PARD3_HUMAN
NCBI Gene ID	56288
API
Download Associations
Predicted Functions
Co-expressed Genes
Expression in Tissues and Cell Lines

Functional Associations

PARD3 has 8,071 functional associations with biological entities spanning 9 categories (molecular profile, organism, chemical, functional term, phrase or reference, disease, phenotype or trait, structural feature, cell line, cell type or tissue, gene, protein or microRNA, sequence feature) extracted from 130 datasets.

Click the + buttons to view associations for PARD3 from the datasets below.

If available, associations are ranked by standardized value

Harmonizome 3.0

PARD3 Gene

Functional Associations

Please acknowledge the Harmonizome in your publications by citing the following reference(s):

	Dataset	Summary
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of PARD3 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of PARD3 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray	tissue samples with high or low expression of PARD3 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq	tissue samples with high or low expression of PARD3 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of PARD3 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of PARD3 gene relative to other cell lines from the BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of PARD3 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of PARD3 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of PARD3 gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of PARD3 gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Proteomics	Cell lines associated with PARD3 protein from the CCLE Cell Line Proteomics dataset.
	CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations	cell types associated with PARD3 gene from the CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of PARD3 gene from the CHEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of PARD3 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022	transcription factors binding the promoter of PARD3 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022 dataset.
	CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules	small molecule perturbations changing expression of PARD3 gene from the CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components containing PARD3 protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components containing PARD3 protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components containing PARD3 protein in low- or high-throughput protein localization assays from the COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components containing PARD3 protein in low- or high-throughput protein localization assays from the COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components co-occuring with PARD3 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components co-occuring with PARD3 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	CORUM Protein Complexes	protein complexs containing PARD3 protein from the CORUM Protein Complexes dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of PARD3 gene relative to other cell lines from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles	cell lines with PARD3 gene mutations from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles dataset.
	CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions	chemicals interacting with PARD3 gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions dataset.
	CTD Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with PARD3 gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	dbGAP Gene-Trait Associations	traits associated with PARD3 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the dbGAP Gene-Trait Associations dataset.
	DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency	cell lines with fitness changed by PARD3 gene knockdown relative to other cell lines from the DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency dataset.
	DEPOD Substrates of Phosphatases	phosphatases that dephosphorylate PARD3 protein from the curated DEPOD Substrates of Phosphatases dataset.
	DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores	diseases associated with PARD3 gene in GWAS datasets from the DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset.
	DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases associated with PARD3 gene in GWAS datasets from the DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores	diseases co-occuring with PARD3 gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases co-occuring with PARD3 gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with PARD3 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Phenotype Associations	phenotypes associated with PARD3 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Phenoptype Associations dataset.
	ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles	histone modification site profiles with high histone modification abundance at PARD3 gene from the ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles dataset.
	ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of PARD3 gene from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of PARD3 gene in ChIP-seq datasets from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells	PubMedIDs of publications reporting gene signatures containing PARD3 from the ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells dataset.