PCK1 Gene

Name	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (soluble)
Description	This gene is a main control point for the regulation of gluconeogenesis. The cytosolic enzyme encoded by this gene, along with GTP, catalyzes the formation of phosphoenolpyruvate from oxaloacetate, with the release of carbon dioxide and GDP. The expression of this gene can be regulated by insulin, glucocorticoids, glucagon, cAMP, and diet. Defects in this gene are a cause of cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase deficiency. A mitochondrial isozyme of the encoded protein also has been characterized. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Summary	{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nPhosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (PCK1), the cytosolic isoform of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, is a rate‐limiting enzyme in hepatic gluconeogenesis that converts oxaloacetate to phosphoenolpyruvate, thus playing a pivotal role in maintaining blood glucose homeostasis. In response to high glucose, PCK1 is post‐translationally modified via acetylation by the acetyltransferase p300, which promotes its interaction with a specific E3 ubiquitin ligase and consequent degradation, whereas SIRT2‐mediated deacetylation stabilizes the enzyme, revealing a nutrient‐responsive mechanism that modulates its activity and overall gluconeogenic flux."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In parallel, oncogenic signalling cascades can redirect PCK1 function: for example, activated AKT phosphorylates PCK1 at Ser90 so that it translocates to the endoplasmic reticulum where it functions as a protein kinase to phosphorylate INSIG proteins, thereby disrupting sterol sensing and promoting SREBP‐dependent lipogenesis that supports tumour proliferation."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "2"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nAt the transcriptional level, key metabolic regulators modulate PCK1 gene expression. AMPK activation leads indirectly to PCK1 suppression through enhanced GSK3β phosphorylation and concomitant reduction in CREB phosphorylation, while nuclear receptor co‐repressors such as SHP counteract PGC-1–mediated activation of the PCK1 promoter, highlighting the tight control of PCK1 transcription by hormonal and nutrient signals."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In the context of liver cancer, forced expression of PCK1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines induces a cataplerotic loss of tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates under conditions of glucose deprivation, leading to energy crisis and apoptotic cell death – a phenomenon that underscores its potential tumor-suppressive effects."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "5"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Complementary evidence indicates that the nuclear receptor Nur77 interacts with PCK1 to enhance gluconeogenesis and rebalance the metabolic switch from glycolysis toward gluconeogenesis in HCC, further contributing to growth arrest."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "6"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Moreover, a circular RNA (circC3P1) has been shown to act as a tumor suppressor by sponging miR-4641 and consequently elevating PCK1 expression in HCC cells, thereby inhibiting proliferation, migration, and invasion."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "7"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nGenetic variants and tissue-specific regulatory alterations of the PCK1 gene have also been implicated in human metabolic disorders. Mutations or polymorphisms in PCK1 may affect not only hepatic gluconeogenesis but also glyceroneogenesis in adipose tissue, thereby contributing to type 2 diabetes mellitus pathogenesis."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "8"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Enhanced enzyme activity is associated with increased glucose output and diabetic hyperglycemia, while genetic studies underscore its role in diabetes, as defects in PCK1 can lead to hypoglycemia."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "10"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In addition, PCK1 has emerged in genetic association studies with late-onset Alzheimer’s disease, suggesting a broader metabolic influence on neurodegenerative risk."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "11"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Oncogenic factors, such as the hepatitis B X-interacting protein (HBXIP), can suppress PCK1 expression through downregulation and cytoplasmic redistribution of the transcription factor FOXO1, thereby promoting hepatocarcinogenesis"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "12"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ", while functional promoter variants that interfere with insulin-mediated repression of PCK1 have been associated with type 2 diabetes susceptibility."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "13"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Wenqing Jiang, Shiwen Wang, Mengtao Xiao, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Acetylation regulates gluconeogenesis by promoting PEPCK1 degradation via recruiting the UBR5 ubiquitin ligase."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mol Cell (2011)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.molcel.2011.04.028"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molcel.2011.04.028"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "21726808"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21726808"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Daqian Xu, Zheng Wang, Yan Xia, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "The gluconeogenic enzyme PCK1 phosphorylates INSIG1/2 for lipogenesis."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nature (2020)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/s41586-020-2183-2"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2183-2"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "32322062"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32322062"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nanao Horike, Hideyuki Sakoda, Akifumi Kushiyama, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "AMP-activated protein kinase activation increases phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase 3beta and thereby reduces cAMP-responsive element transcriptional activity and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase C gene expression in the liver."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Biol Chem (2008)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1074/jbc.M802537200"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M802537200"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "18801732"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18801732"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Lotta Johansson Borgius, Knut R Steffensen, Jan-Ake Gustafsson, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Glucocorticoid signaling is perturbed by the atypical orphan receptor and corepressor SHP."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Biol Chem (2002)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1074/jbc.M205641200"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M205641200"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "12324453"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12324453"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 5, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Meng-Xi Liu, Lei Jin, Si-Jia Sun, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Metabolic reprogramming by PCK1 promotes TCA cataplerosis, oxidative stress and apoptosis in liver cancer cells and suppresses hepatocellular carcinoma."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Oncogene (2018)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/s41388-017-0070-6"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41388-017-0070-6"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "29335519"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29335519"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 6, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Xue-Li Bian, Hang-Zi Chen, Peng-Bo Yang, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nur77 suppresses hepatocellular carcinoma via switching glucose metabolism toward gluconeogenesis through attenuating phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase sumoylation."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nat Commun (2017)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/ncomms14420"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms14420"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "28240261"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28240261"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 7, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Lihua Zhong, Yuanyuan Wang, Yu Cheng, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Circular RNA circC3P1 suppresses hepatocellular carcinoma growth and metastasis through miR-4641/PCK1 pathway."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Biochem Biophys Res Commun (2018)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.03.221"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.03.221"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "29608893"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29608893"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 8, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Elmus G Beale, Robert E Hammer, Bénédicte Antoine, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Disregulated glyceroneogenesis: PCK1 as a candidate diabetes and obesity gene."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Trends Endocrinol Metab (2004)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.tem.2004.02.006"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tem.2004.02.006"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "15046742"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15046742"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 9, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cristen J Willer, Lori L Bonnycastle, Karen N Conneely, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Screening of 134 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) previously associated with type 2 diabetes replicates association with 12 SNPs in nine genes."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Diabetes (2007)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.2337/db06-0461"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.2337/db06-0461"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "17192490"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17192490"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 10, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Shuo Yu, Simin Meng, Meixiang Xiang, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase in cell metabolism: Roles and mechanisms beyond gluconeogenesis."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mol Metab (2021)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101257"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101257"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "34020084"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34020084"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 11, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Gillian Hamilton, Petra Proitsi, Luke Jehu, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Candidate gene association study of insulin signaling genes and Alzheimer's disease: evidence for SOS2, PCK1, and PPARgamma as susceptibility loci."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet (2007)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1002/ajmg.b.30503"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.b.30503"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "17440948"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17440948"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 12, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Hui Shi, Runping Fang, Yinghui Li, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "The oncoprotein HBXIP suppresses gluconeogenesis through modulating PCK1 to enhance the growth of hepatoma cells."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cancer Lett (2016)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.canlet.2016.08.025"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.canlet.2016.08.025"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "27609066"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27609066"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 13, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Henian Cao, Eric van der Veer, Matthew R Ban, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Promoter polymorphism in PCK1 (phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase gene) associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Clin Endocrinol Metab (2004)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1210/jc.2003-031361"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2003-031361"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "14764811"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14764811"}]}]}]}
Synonyms	PCKDC, PEPCK-C, PEPCKC, PEPCK1
Proteins	PCKGC_HUMAN
NCBI Gene ID	5105
API
Download Associations
Predicted Functions
Co-expressed Genes
Expression in Tissues and Cell Lines

Functional Associations

PCK1 has 9,820 functional associations with biological entities spanning 8 categories (molecular profile, organism, chemical, disease, phenotype or trait, functional term, phrase or reference, structural feature, cell line, cell type or tissue, gene, protein or microRNA) extracted from 123 datasets.

Click the + buttons to view associations for PCK1 from the datasets below.

If available, associations are ranked by standardized value

Harmonizome 3.0

PCK1 Gene

Functional Associations

Please acknowledge the Harmonizome in your publications by citing the following reference(s):

	Dataset	Summary
	Achilles Cell Line Gene Essentiality Profiles	cell lines with fitness changed by PCK1 gene knockdown relative to other cell lines from the Achilles Cell Line Gene Essentiality Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of PCK1 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of PCK1 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles	tissue samples with high or low expression of PCK1 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray	tissue samples with high or low expression of PCK1 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of PCK1 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of PCK1 gene relative to other cell lines from the BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of PCK1 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of PCK1 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Carcinogenome Chemical Perturbation Carcinogenicity Signatures	small molecule perturbations changing expression of PCK1 gene from the Carcinogenome Chemical Perturbation Carcinogenicity Signatures dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of PCK1 gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of PCK1 gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations	cell types associated with PCK1 gene from the CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of PCK1 gene from the CHEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of PCK1 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022	transcription factors binding the promoter of PCK1 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022 dataset.
	ClinVar Gene-Phenotype Associations 2025	phenotypes associated with PCK1 gene from the curated ClinVar Gene-Phenotype Associations 2025 dataset.
	CM4AI KOLF21J CRISPRi Gene Perturbation Atlas	gene perturbations changing expression of PCK1 gene from the CM4AI KOLF21J CRISPRi Gene Perturbation Atlas dataset.
	CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules	small molecule perturbations changing expression of PCK1 gene from the CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components containing PCK1 protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components containing PCK1 protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components co-occuring with PCK1 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components co-occuring with PCK1 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of PCK1 gene relative to other cell lines from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles	cell lines with PCK1 gene mutations from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles dataset.
	CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions	chemicals interacting with PCK1 gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions dataset.
	CTD Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with PCK1 gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency	cell lines with fitness changed by PCK1 gene knockdown relative to other cell lines from the DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency dataset.
	DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases associated with PCK1 gene in GWAS datasets from the DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores	diseases co-occuring with PCK1 gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases co-occuring with PCK1 gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with PCK1 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Phenotype Associations	phenotypes associated with PCK1 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Phenoptype Associations dataset.
	DrugBank Drug Targets	interacting drugs for PCK1 protein from the curated DrugBank Drug Targets dataset.
	ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles	histone modification site profiles with high histone modification abundance at PCK1 gene from the ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles dataset.
	ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of PCK1 gene from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of PCK1 gene in ChIP-seq datasets from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells	PubMedIDs of publications reporting gene signatures containing PCK1 from the ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells dataset.
	GAD Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with PCK1 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	GAD High Level Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with PCK1 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD High Level Gene-Disease Associations dataset.