PCSK1 Gene

Name	proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 1
Description	This gene encodes a member of the subtilisin-like proprotein convertase family, which includes proteases that process protein and peptide precursors trafficking through regulated or constitutive branches of the secretory pathway. The encoded protein undergoes an initial autocatalytic processing event in the ER to generate a heterodimer which exits the ER and sorts to subcellular compartments where a second autocatalytic even takes place and the catalytic activity is acquired. The protease is packaged into and activated in dense core secretory granules and expressed in the neuroendocrine system and brain. This gene encodes one of the seven basic amino acid-specific members which cleave their substrates at single or paired basic residues. It functions in the proteolytic activation of polypeptide hormones and neuropeptides precursors. Mutations in this gene have been associated with susceptibility to obesity and proprotein convertase 1/3 deficiency. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2014]
Summary	{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nProprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 1 (PCSK1) encodes the neuroendocrine enzyme PC1/3, which is pivotal for the proteolytic processing of various prohormones and proneuropeptides. This enzyme initiates the cleavage of inactive precursors into mature bioactive hormones—including proinsulin, proopiomelanocortin, proghrelin, and others—thereby regulating energy homeostasis, glucose metabolism, gastrointestinal function, and neuroendocrine signaling. Deficiencies of PC1/3 have been linked to complex syndromes in humans characterized by obesity, hypogonadism, adrenal insufficiency, reactive hypoglycemia, and even small‐intestinal malabsorption, underscoring its central role in endocrine physiology."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "5"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "Probing deeper into its biochemical and cellular functions, PC1/3 is expressed predominantly in endocrine and enteroendocrine cells as well as specific neuronal populations. In these sites the enzyme mediates the maturation of several key peptide hormones. For example, studies show that PC1/3 is required for the proper cleavage of proinsulin in pancreatic β‐cells, for the effective generation of ghrelin from its precursor in the gut, and even for the formation of α‐melanocyte–stimulating hormone from proopiomelanocortin in the hypothalamus. Moreover, defects in PC1/3 processing—whether by rare loss‐of‐function mutations or by novel allelic variants that impair catalytic efficiency—result in phenotypes ranging from congenital diarrhea and multi‐hormonal deficiencies to severe, early‐onset obesity and dysregulated glucose homeostasis."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "6", "end_ref": "14"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "Genetic studies have further revealed that both rare deleterious mutations and more common polymorphisms within PCSK1 contribute significantly to obesity and related metabolic traits. Large-scale analyses and functional genomic investigations have demonstrated that variants which partially impair PC1/3 activity can predispose individuals to increased adiposity, altered fat distribution, and disrupted glucose regulation. In experimental models, such mutations have been shown to exert dominant-negative effects on the maturation and secretion of the wild-type enzyme, thereby compounding the deficits in prohormone processing. Collectively, these findings—spanning biochemical studies, patient case reports, and population-based genetic association analyses—underscore the critical and multifaceted role of PCSK1 in maintaining metabolic and endocrine balance and highlight its promise as a potential therapeutic target in obesity and metabolic disorders."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "15", "end_ref": "24"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ""}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Robert S Jackson, John W M Creemers, I Sadaf Farooqi, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Small-intestinal dysfunction accompanies the complex endocrinopathy of human proprotein convertase 1 deficiency."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Clin Invest (2003)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1172/JCI18784"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI18784"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "14617756"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14617756"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "David J Lloyd, Sandy Bohan, Nicholas Gekakis "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Obesity, hyperphagia and increased metabolic efficiency in Pc1 mutant mice."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Hum Mol Genet (2006)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1093/hmg/ddl111"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddl111"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "16644867"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16644867"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "I Sadaf Farooqi, Karolien Volders, Richard Stanhope, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Hyperphagia and early-onset obesity due to a novel homozygous missense mutation in prohormone convertase 1/3."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Clin Endocrinol Metab (2007)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1210/jc.2007-0687"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2007-0687"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "17595246"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17595246"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Michael Benzinou, John W M Creemers, Helene Choquet, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Common nonsynonymous variants in PCSK1 confer risk of obesity."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nat Genet (2008)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/ng.177"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/ng.177"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "18604207"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18604207"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 5, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Frida Renström, Felicity Payne, Anna Nordström, et al. 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"}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Heterozygous mutations causing partial prohormone convertase 1 deficiency contribute to human obesity."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Diabetes (2012)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.2337/db11-0305"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.2337/db11-0305"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "22210313"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22210313"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 11, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Lindsay A Pickett, Michael Yourshaw, Valeria Albornoz, et al. 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"}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "A novel familial mutation in the PCSK1 gene that alters the oxyanion hole residue of proprotein convertase 1/3 and impairs its enzymatic activity."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "PLoS One (2014)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1371/journal.pone.0108878"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0108878"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "25272002"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25272002"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 15, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Kevin T Nead, Aihua Li, Mackenzie R Wehner, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Contribution of common non-synonymous variants in PCSK1 to body mass index variation and risk of obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis with evidence from up to 331 175 individuals."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Hum Mol Genet (2015)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1093/hmg/ddv097"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddv097"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "25784503"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25784503"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 16, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Elias H Blanco, Bruno Ramos-Molina, Iris Lindberg "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Revisiting PC1/3 Mutants: Dominant-Negative Effect of Endoplasmic Reticulum-Retained Mutants."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Endocrinology (2015)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1210/en.2015-1068"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1210/en.2015-1068"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "26207343"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26207343"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 17, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "P Stijnen, B Brouwers, E Dirkx, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation of the mouse PC1/3-N222D hypomorph and human PCSK1 mutations contributes to obesity."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Int J Obes (Lond) (2016)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/ijo.2016.3"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/ijo.2016.3"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "26786350"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26786350"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 18, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Pieter Stijnen, Bruno Ramos-Molina, Stephen O'Rahilly, et al. 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"}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "GLP-1 receptor signaling increases PCSK1 and β cell features in human α cells."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "JCI Insight (2021)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1172/jci.insight.141851"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1172/jci.insight.141851"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "33554958"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33554958"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 24, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Lise Folon, Morgane Baron, Bénédicte Toussaint, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Contribution of heterozygous PCSK1 variants to obesity and implications for precision medicine: a case-control study."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol (2023)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/S2213-8587(22)00392-8"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-8587(22"}, {"type": "t", "text": "00392-8) PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "36822744"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36822744"}]}]}]}
Synonyms	SPC3, BMIQ12, NEC1
Proteins	NEC1_HUMAN
NCBI Gene ID	5122
API
Download Associations
Predicted Functions
Co-expressed Genes
Expression in Tissues and Cell Lines

Functional Associations

PCSK1 has 8,153 functional associations with biological entities spanning 8 categories (molecular profile, organism, chemical, disease, phenotype or trait, functional term, phrase or reference, structural feature, cell line, cell type or tissue, gene, protein or microRNA) extracted from 121 datasets.

Click the + buttons to view associations for PCSK1 from the datasets below.

If available, associations are ranked by standardized value

Harmonizome 3.0

PCSK1 Gene

Functional Associations

Please acknowledge the Harmonizome in your publications by citing the following reference(s):

	Dataset	Summary
	Achilles Cell Line Gene Essentiality Profiles	cell lines with fitness changed by PCSK1 gene knockdown relative to other cell lines from the Achilles Cell Line Gene Essentiality Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of PCSK1 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of PCSK1 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles	tissue samples with high or low expression of PCSK1 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray	tissue samples with high or low expression of PCSK1 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq	tissue samples with high or low expression of PCSK1 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of PCSK1 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of PCSK1 gene relative to other cell lines from the BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of PCSK1 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of PCSK1 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Carcinogenome Chemical Perturbation Carcinogenicity Signatures	small molecule perturbations changing expression of PCSK1 gene from the Carcinogenome Chemical Perturbation Carcinogenicity Signatures dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of PCSK1 gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of PCSK1 gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations	cell types associated with PCSK1 gene from the CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of PCSK1 gene from the CHEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of PCSK1 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022	transcription factors binding the promoter of PCSK1 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022 dataset.
	ClinVar Gene-Phenotype Associations 2025	phenotypes associated with PCSK1 gene from the curated ClinVar Gene-Phenotype Associations 2025 dataset.
	CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules	small molecule perturbations changing expression of PCSK1 gene from the CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components containing PCSK1 protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components containing PCSK1 protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components co-occuring with PCSK1 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components co-occuring with PCSK1 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles	cell lines with PCSK1 gene mutations from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles dataset.
	CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions	chemicals interacting with PCSK1 gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions dataset.
	CTD Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with PCSK1 gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	dbGAP Gene-Trait Associations	traits associated with PCSK1 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the dbGAP Gene-Trait Associations dataset.
	DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency	cell lines with fitness changed by PCSK1 gene knockdown relative to other cell lines from the DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency dataset.
	DISEASES Curated Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores	diseases involving PCSK1 gene from the DISEASES Curated Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset.
	DISEASES Curated Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases involving PCSK1 gene from the DISEASES Curated Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores	diseases associated with PCSK1 gene in GWAS datasets from the DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset.
	DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases associated with PCSK1 gene in GWAS datasets from the DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores	diseases co-occuring with PCSK1 gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases co-occuring with PCSK1 gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with PCSK1 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Phenotype Associations	phenotypes associated with PCSK1 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Phenoptype Associations dataset.
	DrugBank Drug Targets	interacting drugs for PCSK1 protein from the curated DrugBank Drug Targets dataset.
	ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles	histone modification site profiles with high histone modification abundance at PCSK1 gene from the ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles dataset.
	ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of PCSK1 gene from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of PCSK1 gene in ChIP-seq datasets from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets dataset.