PDCL Gene

Name	phosducin-like
Description	Phosducin-like protein is a putative modulator of heterotrimeric G proteins. The protein shares extensive amino acid sequence homology with phosducin, a phosphoprotein expressed in retina and pineal gland. Both phosducin-like protein and phosphoducin have been shown to regulate G-protein signaling by binding to the beta-gamma subunits of G proteins. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Summary	{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nPhosducin‐like proteins (PDCLs), notably PhLP1, are critical co‐chaperones that assist the cytosolic chaperonin CCT in folding nascent Gβ subunits and facilitating their assembly into functional G protein complexes. In this process, PDCLs help form a stable ternary complex between the emerging Gβ polypeptide and CCT; subsequent phosphorylation—mediated by casein kinase 2—triggers the release of the PDCL·Gβ intermediate, permitting the association with Gγ subunits and the establishment of a mature Gβγ dimer. Structural studies, including cryo–electron microscopy analyses, have provided further insights into how PDCL binding stabilizes the Gβ fold and orchestrates its interaction with both CCT and Gγ."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nAlternative splicing of the PDCL gene yields distinct isoforms with divergent regulatory functions. The long isoform, PhLP(L), contains an N-terminal extension harboring key serine/threonine residues that are constitutively phosphorylated by CK2, thereby modulating its role in promoting Gβγ assembly. In contrast, the short isoform, PhLP(S), lacks this N-terminal segment and exerts a unique inhibitory influence—disrupting proper Gβ folding and triggering proteasomal degradation of both Gβ and Gγ subunits. In addition, specific PDCL-derived constructs have been shown to selectively interfere with downstream Gβγ-effector interactions, such as impairing the recruitment of phosphoinositide 3-kinase γ (PI3Kγ) and attenuating AKT signaling."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "3", "end_ref": "5"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nBeyond its established role in Gβγ dimer formation, PDCL activity is integral to the assembly of other heterotrimeric G protein complexes. PDCL1 not only facilitates the association of diverse Gβ and Gγ combinations but also supports the folding and assembly of the atypical Gβ5-RGS complexes via a mechanism that involves prolonged engagement with CCT until proper folding occurs. Moreover, expression of the truncated short isoform in specific cell types has been linked to a marked reduction in the levels of heterotrimeric G protein subunits, including a decrease in Gα transcripts and protein, underscoring PDCL’s capacity to modulate the cellular stoichiometry of G protein components."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "6"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Georgi L Lukov, Christine M Baker, Paul J Ludtke, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mechanism of assembly of G protein betagamma subunits by protein kinase CK2-phosphorylated phosducin-like protein and the cytosolic chaperonin complex."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Biol Chem (2006)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1074/jbc.M601590200"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M601590200"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "16717095"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16717095"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Rebecca L Plimpton, Jorge Cuéllar, Chun Wan J Lai, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Structures of the Gβ-CCT and PhLP1-Gβ-CCT complexes reveal a mechanism for G-protein β-subunit folding and Gβγ dimer assembly."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2015)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1073/pnas.1419595112"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1419595112"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "25675501"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25675501"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Jan Humrich, Christina Bermel, Tobias Grubel, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Regulation of phosducin-like protein by casein kinase 2 and N-terminal splicing."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Biol Chem (2003)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1074/jbc.M206347200"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M206347200"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "12466282"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12466282"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Jan Humrich, Christina Bermel, Moritz Bünemann, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Phosducin-like protein regulates G-protein betagamma folding by interaction with tailless complex polypeptide-1alpha: dephosphorylation or splicing of PhLP turns the switch toward regulation of Gbetagamma folding."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Biol Chem (2005)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1074/jbc.M409233200"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M409233200"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "15745879"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15745879"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 5, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "María Luisa Guzmán-Hernández, Aleida Vázquez-Macías, Jorge Carretero-Ortega, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Differential inhibitor of Gbetagamma signaling to AKT and ERK derived from phosducin-like protein: effect on sphingosine 1-phosphate-induced endothelial cell migration and in vitro angiogenesis."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Biol Chem (2009)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1074/jbc.M109.008839"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M109.008839"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "19403526"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19403526"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 6, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Alyson C Howlett, Amy J Gray, Jesse M Hunter, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Role of molecular chaperones in G protein beta5/regulator of G protein signaling dimer assembly and G protein betagamma dimer specificity."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Biol Chem (2009)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1074/jbc.M900800200"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M900800200"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "19376773"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19376773"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 7, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Xueli Gao, Satyabrata Sinha, Marycharmain Belcastro, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Splice isoforms of phosducin-like protein control the expression of heterotrimeric G proteins."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Biol Chem (2013)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1074/jbc.M113.486258"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M113.486258"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "23888055"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23888055"}]}]}]}
Synonyms	PhLP
Proteins	PHLP_HUMAN
NCBI Gene ID	5082
API
Download Associations
Predicted Functions
Co-expressed Genes
Expression in Tissues and Cell Lines

Functional Associations

PDCL has 4,885 functional associations with biological entities spanning 8 categories (molecular profile, organism, chemical, functional term, phrase or reference, disease, phenotype or trait, structural feature, cell line, cell type or tissue, gene, protein or microRNA) extracted from 106 datasets.

Click the + buttons to view associations for PDCL from the datasets below.

If available, associations are ranked by standardized value

Harmonizome 3.0

PDCL Gene

Functional Associations

Please acknowledge the Harmonizome in your publications by citing the following reference(s):

	Dataset	Summary
	Achilles Cell Line Gene Essentiality Profiles	cell lines with fitness changed by PDCL gene knockdown relative to other cell lines from the Achilles Cell Line Gene Essentiality Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of PDCL gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of PDCL gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray	tissue samples with high or low expression of PDCL gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq	tissue samples with high or low expression of PDCL gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of PDCL gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of PDCL gene relative to other cell lines from the BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of PDCL gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of PDCL gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of PDCL gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of PDCL gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Proteomics	Cell lines associated with PDCL protein from the CCLE Cell Line Proteomics dataset.
	CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations	cell types associated with PDCL gene from the CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of PDCL gene from the CHEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of PDCL gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022	transcription factors binding the promoter of PDCL gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022 dataset.
	CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules	small molecule perturbations changing expression of PDCL gene from the CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components containing PDCL protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components containing PDCL protein in low- or high-throughput protein localization assays from the COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components containing PDCL protein in low- or high-throughput protein localization assays from the COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components co-occuring with PDCL protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components co-occuring with PDCL protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	CORUM Protein Complexes	protein complexs containing PDCL protein from the CORUM Protein Complexes dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of PDCL gene relative to other cell lines from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles	cell lines with PDCL gene mutations from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles dataset.
	CTD Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with PDCL gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency	cell lines with fitness changed by PDCL gene knockdown relative to other cell lines from the DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency dataset.
	DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases associated with PDCL gene in GWAS datasets from the DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores	diseases co-occuring with PDCL gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases co-occuring with PDCL gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with PDCL gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Phenotype Associations	phenotypes associated with PDCL gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Phenoptype Associations dataset.
	ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles	histone modification site profiles with high histone modification abundance at PDCL gene from the ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles dataset.
	ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of PDCL gene from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of PDCL gene in ChIP-seq datasets from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells	PubMedIDs of publications reporting gene signatures containing PDCL from the ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells dataset.
	GDSC Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of PDCL gene relative to other cell lines from the GDSC Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	GeneRIF Biological Term Annotations	biological terms co-occuring with PDCL gene in literature-supported statements describing functions of genes from the GeneRIF Biological Term Annotations dataset.
	GeneSigDB Published Gene Signatures	PubMedIDs of publications reporting gene signatures containing PDCL from the GeneSigDB Published Gene Signatures dataset.
	GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Diseases	disease perturbations changing expression of PDCL gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Diseases dataset.