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It serves as an inner membrane receptor for mitophagy—directly binding to LC3 and collaborating with the PINK1/Parkin machinery to ensure the removal of damaged mitochondria—which is critical for cellular homeostasis and defense against metabolic stress."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In lymphocytes and pancreatic β‐cells, PHB2 is up‐regulated upon activation and is essential for maintaining mitochondrial membrane potential and energy production; its depletion triggers caspase‐dependent apoptotic cascades and metabolic dysfunction."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Moreover, in various cancer cell types, PHB2 supports proliferation and adhesion through preservation of mitochondrial integrity and regulation of oxidative phosphorylation, including modulation of complex I activity via interactions with partners such as NDUFS1 and promotion of fatty acid oxidation in cardiomyocytes via CPT1b; in renal tubular cells, it also contributes to cell survival by controlling mitophagy."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "5", "end_ref": "9"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nIn addition to its crucial mitochondrial activities, PHB2 exerts multifaceted roles in signal transduction and transcriptional regulation that impact cancer biology and host–pathogen interactions. 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