PKIG Gene

Name	protein kinase (cAMP-dependent, catalytic) inhibitor gamma
Description	This gene encodes a member of the protein kinase inhibitor family. Studies of a similar protein in mice suggest that this protein acts as a potent competitive cAMP-dependent protein kinase inhibitor, and is a predominant form of inhibitor in various tissues. The encoded protein may be involved in osteogenesis. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013]
Summary	{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nProtein kinase inhibitor gamma (PKIG) is a novel member of the PKI family that functions as a potent regulator of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) activity. Cloning and characterization studies revealed that PKIG encodes a 75–amino acid protein possessing conserved residues critical for high affinity binding to the catalytic (C) subunit of PKA and mediating its nuclear export. PKIG is widely expressed with particularly high transcript levels in heart, skeletal muscle, and testis, and it acts as a competitive inhibitor of PKA activity in vitro, although with slightly lower potency than PKIα."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n \nIn endothelial cells, both PKI isoforms PKIα and PKIG are expressed across various vascular beds, including pulmonary, microvessel, and brain microvascular endothelial cells. Expression analyses have demonstrated that while PKIα is present in select cell types, PKIG is robustly expressed across all examined endothelial populations. Functionally, modulating PKI expression in these cells influences cAMP-mediated signaling pathways, with overexpression studies suggesting that PKI can negatively regulate the endothelial barrier function."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "2"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n \nIn the context of osteogenic differentiation, PKIG plays a pivotal regulatory role. During BMP-2–induced differentiation of mesenchymal stromal cells and pre-myoblasts into osteoblasts, the downregulation of PKIG appears to be a prerequisite for the ensuing activation of the PKA pathway. Overexpression of PKIG represses early osteoblastic markers and reduces alkaline phosphatase activity, while deletion or knockdown of PKIG enhances osteoblast differentiation and simultaneously decreases adipogenesis. This reciprocal regulation is mediated, at least in part, through the modulation of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) expression, underscoring the importance of PKIG in mesenchymal cell lineage determination."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "S P Collins, M D Uhler "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Characterization of PKIgamma, a novel isoform of the protein kinase inhibitor of cAMP-dependent protein kinase."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Biol Chem (1997)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1074/jbc.272.29.18169"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.272.29.18169"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "9218452"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9218452"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Hazel Lum, Zengping Hao, Dave Gayle, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Vascular endothelial cells express isoforms of protein kinase A inhibitor."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Am J Physiol Cell Physiol (2002)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1152/ajpcell.00256.2001"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00256.2001"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "11742798"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11742798"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "L Zhao, S Yang, G Q Zhou, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Downregulation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase inhibitor gamma is required for BMP-2-induced osteoblastic differentiation."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Int J Biochem Cell Biol (2006)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.biocel.2006.05.015"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocel.2006.05.015"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "16870489"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16870489"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Xin Chen, Bryan S Hausman, Guangbin Luo, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Protein kinase inhibitor γ reciprocally regulates osteoblast and adipocyte differentiation by downregulating leukemia inhibitory factor."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Stem Cells (2013)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1002/stem.1524"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/stem.1524"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "23963683"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23963683"}]}]}]}
Synonyms	PKI-GAMMA
Proteins	IPKG_HUMAN
NCBI Gene ID	11142
API
Download Associations
Predicted Functions
Co-expressed Genes
Expression in Tissues and Cell Lines

Functional Associations

PKIG has 7,396 functional associations with biological entities spanning 8 categories (molecular profile, organism, chemical, disease, phenotype or trait, functional term, phrase or reference, structural feature, cell line, cell type or tissue, gene, protein or microRNA) extracted from 110 datasets.

Click the + buttons to view associations for PKIG from the datasets below.

If available, associations are ranked by standardized value

Harmonizome 3.0

PKIG Gene

Functional Associations

Please acknowledge the Harmonizome in your publications by citing the following reference(s):

	Dataset	Summary
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of PKIG gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of PKIG gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles	tissue samples with high or low expression of PKIG gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray	tissue samples with high or low expression of PKIG gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq	tissue samples with high or low expression of PKIG gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of PKIG gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of PKIG gene relative to other cell lines from the BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of PKIG gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of PKIG gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Carcinogenome Chemical Perturbation Carcinogenicity Signatures	small molecule perturbations changing expression of PKIG gene from the Carcinogenome Chemical Perturbation Carcinogenicity Signatures dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of PKIG gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of PKIG gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations	cell types associated with PKIG gene from the CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of PKIG gene from the CHEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of PKIG gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022	transcription factors binding the promoter of PKIG gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022 dataset.
	ClinVar Gene-Phenotype Associations 2025	phenotypes associated with PKIG gene from the curated ClinVar Gene-Phenotype Associations 2025 dataset.
	CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules	small molecule perturbations changing expression of PKIG gene from the CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components containing PKIG protein in low- or high-throughput protein localization assays from the COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components co-occuring with PKIG protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of PKIG gene relative to other cell lines from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles	cell lines with PKIG gene mutations from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles dataset.
	CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions	chemicals interacting with PKIG gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions dataset.
	CTD Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with PKIG gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency	cell lines with fitness changed by PKIG gene knockdown relative to other cell lines from the DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency dataset.
	DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases associated with PKIG gene in GWAS datasets from the DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores	diseases co-occuring with PKIG gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases co-occuring with PKIG gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with PKIG gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles	histone modification site profiles with high histone modification abundance at PKIG gene from the ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles dataset.
	ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of PKIG gene from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of PKIG gene in ChIP-seq datasets from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells	PubMedIDs of publications reporting gene signatures containing PKIG from the ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells dataset.
	GAD High Level Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with PKIG gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD High Level Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	GDSC Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of PKIG gene relative to other cell lines from the GDSC Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	GeneRIF Biological Term Annotations	biological terms co-occuring with PKIG gene in literature-supported statements describing functions of genes from the GeneRIF Biological Term Annotations dataset.
	GeneSigDB Published Gene Signatures	PubMedIDs of publications reporting gene signatures containing PKIG from the GeneSigDB Published Gene Signatures dataset.
	GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Diseases	disease perturbations changing expression of PKIG gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Diseases dataset.
	GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Gene Perturbations	gene perturbations changing expression of PKIG gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Gene Perturbations dataset.
	GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Kinase Perturbations	kinase perturbations changing expression of PKIG gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Kinase Perturbations dataset.