{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nRecent mechanistic studies have revealed that PLIN4, a member of the PAT family, plays a specialized role at the lipid droplet surface. Unique among its family members, PLIN4 possesses an exceptionally long and repetitive amphipathic helix that, despite its low inherent hydrophobicity, forms a remarkably immobile, stable coating on lipid droplets. This coating appears to act by directly binding to triglycerides and may even substitute for a depleted phospholipid monolayer during lipid droplet growth, thereby reducing droplet size and stabilizing intracellular lipid storage."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nIn addition to its structural role, genetic studies have implicated PLIN4 in the modulation of obesity-related phenotypes and other metabolic traits. Several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the PLIN4 gene have been associated with variations in body mass index, anthropometric measures, and even height, with evidence indicating that dietary factors such as omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids may interact with these variants. Furthermore, emerging data suggest that PLIN4 gene variation may influence neurobehavioral outcomes, particularly in children born small for gestational age, potentially by modulating responses to n-3 PUFA intake."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "3", "end_ref": "6"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nFinally, the functional importance of PLIN4 has also been highlighted in the context of cancer biology. In models of triple-negative breast cancer, PLIN4 has emerged as a critical factor that stabilizes lipid droplets in chemoresistant cells. This dependency on PLIN4 for maintaining lipid droplet integrity in the face of metabolic reprogramming not only underscores its central role in lipid storage regulation but also suggests potential therapeutic vulnerabilities in drug-resistant tumors."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "7"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Alenka Čopič, Sandra Antoine-Bally, Manuel Giménez-Andrés, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "A giant amphipathic helix from a perilipin that is adapted for coating lipid droplets."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nat Commun (2018)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/s41467-018-03717-8"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-03717-8"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "29626194"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29626194"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Manuel Giménez-Andrés, Tadej Emeršič, Sandra Antoine-Bally, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Exceptional stability of a perilipin on lipid droplets depends on its polar residues, suggesting multimeric assembly."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Elife (2021)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.7554/eLife.61401"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.61401"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "33856341"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33856341"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Yasuko Sone, Keiko Yamaguchi, Aya Fujiwara, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Association of lifestyle factors, polymorphisms in adiponectin, perilipin and hormone sensitive lipase, and clinical markers in Japanese males."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) (2010)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.3177/jnsv.56.123"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.3177/jnsv.56.123"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "20495294"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20495294"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Kris Richardson, Qiong Louie-Gao, Donna K Arnett, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "The PLIN4 variant rs8887 modulates obesity related phenotypes in humans through creation of a novel miR-522 seed site."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "PLoS One (2011)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1371/journal.pone.0017944"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0017944"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "21533135"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21533135"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 5, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Natalie E Cusano, Douglas P Kiel, Serkalem Demissie, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "A Polymorphism in a gene encoding Perilipin 4 is associated with height but not with bone measures in individuals from the Framingham Osteoporosis Study."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Calcif Tissue Int (2012)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1007/s00223-011-9552-7"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00223-011-9552-7"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "22210160"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22210160"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 6, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Danitsa Marcos Rodrigues, Gisele Gus Manfro, Robert Daniel Levitan, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Moderating effect of PLIN4 genetic variant on impulsivity traits in 5-year-old-children born small for gestational age."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids (2018)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.plefa.2018.07.013"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plefa.2018.07.013"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "30293593"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30293593"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 7, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Isabelle Sirois, Adriana Aguilar-Mahecha, Josiane Lafleur, et al. 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