PNKD Gene

Name	paroxysmal nonkinesigenic dyskinesia
Description	This gene is thought to play a role in the regulation of myofibrillogenesis. Mutations in this gene have been associated with the movement disorder paroxysmal non-kinesigenic dyskinesia. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010]
Summary	{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nThe PNKD gene, originally identified as MR‐1 in several studies, plays a critical role in the regulation of neuronal excitatory processes. In the central nervous system, the long isoform (PNKD‐L) normally undergoes N‐terminal cleavage and forms oligomers that interact with key synaptic proteins (for example, RIMS1α), thereby exerting an inhibitory influence on synaptic vesicle exocytosis. This modulation of neurotransmitter release appears to be essential for maintaining normal motor control, with loss‐of‐function mutations – including missense changes and truncating deletions – leading to reduced protein stability, decreased levels via nonsense-mediated decay, and ultimately, aberrant vesicle release that underlies paroxysmal dyskinesias as well as related conditions such as familial hemiplegic migraine and Tourette disorder."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "9"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nBeyond its neuronal functions, there is emerging evidence that PNKD/MR‐1 exhibits multifunctional roles in non‐neuronal tissues. In several studies the gene product is found to be overexpressed in diverse malignancies – including breast, ovarian, gastric, pancreatic, and lung cancers – where it appears to promote cell proliferation, migration, and metastasis. The underlying mechanisms include activation of the MEK/ERK signaling cascade, interactions with components that modulate cytoskeletal dynamics and cell adhesion, and stabilization of oncogenic factors such as the Notch3 intracellular domain. In addition, a risk locus marked by an intronic SNP in PNKD has been associated with colorectal cancer and inflammatory bowel disease, further suggesting an important role for this gene in maintaining cellular homeostasis across tissues."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "10", "end_ref": "16"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Dong-Hui Chen, Mark Matsushita, Shirley Rainier, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Presence of alanine-to-valine substitutions in myofibrillogenesis regulator 1 in paroxysmal nonkinesigenic dyskinesia: confirmation in 2 kindreds."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Arch Neurol (2005)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1001/archneur.62.4.597"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1001/archneur.62.4.597"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "15824259"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15824259"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Anne Hempelmann, Santosh Kumar, Shanmugakonar Muralitharan, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Myofibrillogenesis regulator 1 gene (MR-1) mutation in an Omani family with paroxysmal nonkinesigenic dyskinesia."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Neurosci Lett (2006)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.neulet.2006.03.048"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2006.03.048"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "16632198"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16632198"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Elka Stefanova, Ana Djarmati, Dragana Momcilović, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Clinical characteristics of paroxysmal nonkinesigenic dyskinesia in Serbian family with Myofibrillogenesis regulator 1 gene mutation."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mov Disord (2006)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1002/mds.21095"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.21095"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "16972263"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16972263"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Andrzej Friedman, Beata Zakrzewska-Pniewska, Izabela Domitrz, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Paroxysmal non-kinesigenic dyskinesia caused by the mutation of MR-1 in a large Polish kindred."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Eur Neurol (2009)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1159/000165348"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1159/000165348"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "18948699"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18948699"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 5, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Yiguo Shen, Hsien-Yang Lee, Joel Rawson, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mutations in PNKD causing paroxysmal dyskinesia alters protein cleavage and stability."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Hum Mol Genet (2011)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1093/hmg/ddr125"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddr125"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "21487022"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21487022"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 6, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Tu-Hsueh Yeh, Juei-Jueng Lin, Szu-Chia Lai, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Familial paroxysmal nonkinesigenic dyskinesia: clinical and genetic analysis of a Taiwanese family."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Neurol Sci (2012)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.jns.2012.08.015"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jns.2012.08.015"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "22967746"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22967746"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 7, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Shuli Liang, Xiaoman Yu, Shaohui Zhang, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "A case of familial paroxysmal nonkinesigenic dyskinesia due to mutation of the PNKD gene in Chinese Mainland."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Brain Res (2015)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.brainres.2014.07.047"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2014.07.047"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "25107857"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25107857"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 8, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Alice R Gardiner, Fatima Jaffer, Russell C Dale, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "The clinical and genetic heterogeneity of paroxysmal dyskinesias."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Brain (2015)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1093/brain/awv310"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awv310"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "26598494"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26598494"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 9, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "N Sun, C Nasello, L Deng, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "The PNKD gene is associated with Tourette Disorder or Tic disorder in a multiplex family."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mol Psychiatry (2018)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/mp.2017.179"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/mp.2017.179"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "28894297"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28894297"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 10, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Tian-Bo Li, Xiu-Hua Liu, Shuang Feng, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Characterization of MR-1, a novel myofibrillogenesis regulator in human muscle."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) (2004)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1093/abbs/36.6.412"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1093/abbs/36.6.412"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "15188056"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15188056"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 11, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Kaihuan Ren, Haixia Jin, Chunjing Bian, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "MR-1 modulates proliferation and migration of human hepatoma HepG2 cells through myosin light chains-2 (MLC2)/focal adhesion kinase (FAK)/Akt signaling pathway."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Biol Chem (2008)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1074/jbc.M802253200"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M802253200"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "18948272"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18948272"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 12, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Ren-quan Lu, Min Sun, Xiang Gao, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "[Expression of a novel biomarker, MR-1S, in ovarian carcinoma and its biological significance]."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi (2012)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-3766.2012.03.004"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-3766.2012.03.004"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "22780969"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22780969"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 13, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Jing Guo, Bin Dong, Jia-Fu Ji, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Myofibrillogenesis regulator-1 overexpression is associated with poor prognosis of gastric cancer patients."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "World J Gastroenterol (2012)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.3748/wjg.v18.i38.5434"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v18.i38.5434"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "23082061"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23082061"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 14, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Chang-Yong Zhao, Zi-Jian Guo, Sai-Min Dai, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Clinicopathological and prognostic significance of myofibrillogenesis regulator-1 protein expression in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Tumour Biol (2013)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1007/s13277-013-0862-4"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s13277-013-0862-4"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "23696030"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23696030"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 15, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Giulia Orlando, Philip J Law, Kimmo Palin, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Variation at 2q35 (PNKD and TMBIM1) influences colorectal cancer risk and identifies a pleiotropic effect with inflammatory bowel disease."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Hum Mol Genet (2016)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1093/hmg/ddw087"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddw087"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "27005424"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27005424"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 16, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Wenxia Zhao, Yang Li, Hanzeng Cheng, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Myofibrillogenesis Regulator-1 Regulates the Ubiquitin Lysosomal Pathway of Notch3 Intracellular Domain Through E3 Ubiquitin-Protein Ligase Itchy Homolog in the Metastasis of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Adv Sci (Weinh) (2024)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1002/advs.202306472"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202306472"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "38342606"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38342606"}]}]}]}
Synonyms	PNKD1, FPD1, TAHCCP2, PDC, FKSG19, MR-1, PKND1, MR1, BRP17, DYT8, KIPP1184, MR-1S
Proteins	PNKD_HUMAN
NCBI Gene ID	25953
API
Download Associations
Predicted Functions
Co-expressed Genes
Expression in Tissues and Cell Lines

Functional Associations

PNKD has 7,962 functional associations with biological entities spanning 9 categories (molecular profile, organism, chemical, disease, phenotype or trait, functional term, phrase or reference, structural feature, cell line, cell type or tissue, gene, protein or microRNA, sequence feature) extracted from 114 datasets.

Click the + buttons to view associations for PNKD from the datasets below.

If available, associations are ranked by standardized value

Harmonizome 3.0

PNKD Gene

Functional Associations

Please acknowledge the Harmonizome in your publications by citing the following reference(s):

	Dataset	Summary
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of PNKD gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of PNKD gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray	tissue samples with high or low expression of PNKD gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq	tissue samples with high or low expression of PNKD gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of PNKD gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of PNKD gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of PNKD gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Carcinogenome Chemical Perturbation Carcinogenicity Signatures	small molecule perturbations changing expression of PNKD gene from the Carcinogenome Chemical Perturbation Carcinogenicity Signatures dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of PNKD gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of PNKD gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Proteomics	Cell lines associated with PNKD protein from the CCLE Cell Line Proteomics dataset.
	CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations	cell types associated with PNKD gene from the CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of PNKD gene from the CHEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of PNKD gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022	transcription factors binding the promoter of PNKD gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022 dataset.
	ClinVar Gene-Phenotype Associations 2025	phenotypes associated with PNKD gene from the curated ClinVar Gene-Phenotype Associations 2025 dataset.
	CM4AI U2OS Cell Map Protein Localization Assemblies	assemblies containing PNKD protein from integrated AP-MS and IF data from the CM4AI U2OS Cell Map Protein Localization Assemblies dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components containing PNKD protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components containing PNKD protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components containing PNKD protein in low- or high-throughput protein localization assays from the COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components containing PNKD protein in low- or high-throughput protein localization assays from the COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components co-occuring with PNKD protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components co-occuring with PNKD protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles	cell lines with PNKD gene mutations from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles dataset.
	CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions	chemicals interacting with PNKD gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions dataset.
	CTD Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with PNKD gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	DeepCoverMOA Drug Mechanisms of Action	small molecule perturbations with high or low expression of PNKD protein relative to other small molecule perturbations from the DeepCoverMOA Drug Mechanisms of Action dataset.
	DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency	cell lines with fitness changed by PNKD gene knockdown relative to other cell lines from the DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency dataset.
	DISEASES Curated Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores	diseases involving PNKD gene from the DISEASES Curated Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset.
	DISEASES Curated Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases involving PNKD gene from the DISEASES Curated Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores	diseases associated with PNKD gene in GWAS datasets from the DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset.
	DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases associated with PNKD gene in GWAS datasets from the DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores	diseases co-occuring with PNKD gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases co-occuring with PNKD gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with PNKD gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Phenotype Associations	phenotypes associated with PNKD gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Phenoptype Associations dataset.
	ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles	histone modification site profiles with high histone modification abundance at PNKD gene from the ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles dataset.
	ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of PNKD gene from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of PNKD gene in ChIP-seq datasets from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells	PubMedIDs of publications reporting gene signatures containing PNKD from the ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells dataset.