POLRMT Gene

Name	polymerase (RNA) mitochondrial (DNA directed)
Description	This gene encodes a mitochondrial DNA-directed RNA polymerase. The gene product is responsible for mitochondrial gene expression as well as for providing RNA primers for initiation of replication of the mitochondrial genome. Although this polypeptide has the same function as the three nuclear DNA-directed RNA polymerases, it is more closely related to RNA polymerases of phage and mitochondrial polymerases of lower eukaryotes. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Summary	{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nHuman mitochondrial RNA polymerase (POLRMT) is a multifunctional enzyme that plays a pivotal dual role in maintaining mitochondrial genome integrity. In addition to catalyzing transcription of the mitochondrial genome, POLRMT functions as an origin‐specific primase at the light‐strand replication origin, synthesizing short RNA primers on defined single‐stranded, stem–loop DNA structures to initiate mitochondrial DNA replication. Moreover, studies demonstrate that POLRMT can perform promoter‐independent transcription on supercoiled DNA templates—a property that may facilitate its replication‐priming activity—while its elimination in cellular systems leads to complete mtDNA loss, underscoring its essential role in mitochondrial genome maintenance."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n \n \nDis parturient in mitochondrial transcription, POLRMT serves as the core enzyme that, in concert with essential accessory factors such as TFAM and TFB2M, executes promoter binding, DNA melting, and initiation of RNA synthesis. Structural and biochemical analyses reveal that, although POLRMT is evolutionarily related to bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase, it has diverged to rely on these transcription factors for proper promoter engagement. In addition, an alternative, truncated isoform (spRNAP‐IV) derived from the POLRMT gene localizes to the nucleus where it directs transcription of subsets of genes such as those encoding muscle actins. High-resolution structural studies of both the initiation and elongation complexes further elucidate the conformational adaptations and substrate interactions that underpin POLRMT’s transcriptional mechanism."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "4", "end_ref": "9"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n \n \nBeyond its central roles in transcription and replication, POLRMT is integrally involved in coordinating mitochondrial gene expression with translation. It physically interacts with mitochondrial ribosomal proteins—such as MRPL12 and h‐mtTFB1—in discrete ribonucleoprotein complexes, thereby linking the regulation of RNA synthesis to ribosome assembly. Post–translational modifications (e.g., succinylation) of POLRMT can modulate its binding to mtDNA and its interaction with transcription factors, with alterations in these modifications contributing to disrupted mitochondrial bioenergetics. Such dysregulation, along with disease‐causing variants and aberrant expression levels, has been implicated in diverse pathologies including hematological malignancies, lung cancer, and other mitochondrial disorders. These findings highlight POLRMT as not only a central executor of mitochondrial gene expression but also a potential therapeutic target in cancer and mitochondrial disease."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "10", "end_ref": "18"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Javier Miralles Fusté, Sjoerd Wanrooij, Elisabeth Jemt, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mitochondrial RNA polymerase is needed for activation of the origin of light-strand DNA replication."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mol Cell (2010)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.molcel.2009.12.021"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molcel.2009.12.021"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "20129056"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20129056"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Atsushi Fukuoh, Kippei Ohgaki, Hinako Hatae, et al. 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"}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "TFB2M and POLRMT are essential for mammalian mitochondrial DNA replication."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Res (2022)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.119167"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.119167"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "34744028"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34744028"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Martina Gaspari, Maria Falkenberg, Nils-Göran Larsson, et al. 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"}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "SUCLG1 restricts POLRMT succinylation to enhance mitochondrial biogenesis and leukemia progression."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "EMBO J (2024)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/s44318-024-00101-9"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s44318-024-00101-9"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "38649537"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38649537"}]}]}]}
Synonyms	MTRPOL, MTRNAP, H-MTRPOL, APOLMT
Proteins	RPOM_HUMAN
NCBI Gene ID	5442
API
Download Associations
Predicted Functions
Co-expressed Genes
Expression in Tissues and Cell Lines

Functional Associations

POLRMT has 6,660 functional associations with biological entities spanning 9 categories (molecular profile, organism, chemical, disease, phenotype or trait, functional term, phrase or reference, structural feature, cell line, cell type or tissue, gene, protein or microRNA, sequence feature) extracted from 118 datasets.

Click the + buttons to view associations for POLRMT from the datasets below.

If available, associations are ranked by standardized value

Harmonizome 3.0

POLRMT Gene

Functional Associations

Please acknowledge the Harmonizome in your publications by citing the following reference(s):

	Dataset	Summary
	Achilles Cell Line Gene Essentiality Profiles	cell lines with fitness changed by POLRMT gene knockdown relative to other cell lines from the Achilles Cell Line Gene Essentiality Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of POLRMT gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of POLRMT gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles	tissue samples with high or low expression of POLRMT gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray	tissue samples with high or low expression of POLRMT gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq	tissue samples with high or low expression of POLRMT gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of POLRMT gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of POLRMT gene relative to other cell lines from the BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of POLRMT gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of POLRMT gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Carcinogenome Chemical Perturbation Carcinogenicity Signatures	small molecule perturbations changing expression of POLRMT gene from the Carcinogenome Chemical Perturbation Carcinogenicity Signatures dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of POLRMT gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Proteomics	Cell lines associated with POLRMT protein from the CCLE Cell Line Proteomics dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of POLRMT gene from the CHEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of POLRMT gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022	transcription factors binding the promoter of POLRMT gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022 dataset.
	ClinVar Gene-Phenotype Associations 2025	phenotypes associated with POLRMT gene from the curated ClinVar Gene-Phenotype Associations 2025 dataset.
	CM4AI KOLF21J CRISPRi Gene Perturbation Atlas	gene perturbations changing expression of POLRMT gene from the CM4AI KOLF21J CRISPRi Gene Perturbation Atlas dataset.
	CM4AI U2OS Cell Map Protein Localization Assemblies	assemblies containing POLRMT protein from integrated AP-MS and IF data from the CM4AI U2OS Cell Map Protein Localization Assemblies dataset.
	CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules	small molecule perturbations changing expression of POLRMT gene from the CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components containing POLRMT protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components containing POLRMT protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components containing POLRMT protein in low- or high-throughput protein localization assays from the COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components co-occuring with POLRMT protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components co-occuring with POLRMT protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles	cell lines with POLRMT gene mutations from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles dataset.
	CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions	chemicals interacting with POLRMT gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions dataset.
	CTD Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with POLRMT gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	DeepCoverMOA Drug Mechanisms of Action	small molecule perturbations with high or low expression of POLRMT protein relative to other small molecule perturbations from the DeepCoverMOA Drug Mechanisms of Action dataset.
	DGIdb Drug Targets 2026	interacting drugs for POLRMT protein from the DGIdb Drug Targets 2026 dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores	diseases co-occuring with POLRMT gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases co-occuring with POLRMT gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with POLRMT gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles	histone modification site profiles with high histone modification abundance at POLRMT gene from the ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles dataset.
	ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of POLRMT gene from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of POLRMT gene in ChIP-seq datasets from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells	PubMedIDs of publications reporting gene signatures containing POLRMT from the ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells dataset.
	GAD Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with POLRMT gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	GDSC Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of POLRMT gene relative to other cell lines from the GDSC Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	GeneRIF Biological Term Annotations	biological terms co-occuring with POLRMT gene in literature-supported statements describing functions of genes from the GeneRIF Biological Term Annotations dataset.