PRKX Gene

Name	protein kinase, X-linked
Description	This gene encodes a serine threonine protein kinase that has similarity to the catalytic subunit of cyclic AMP dependent protein kinases. The encoded protein is developmentally regulated and may be involved in renal epithelial morphogenesis. This protein may also be involved in macrophage and granulocyte maturation. Abnormal recombination between this gene and a related pseudogene on chromosome Y is a frequent cause of sex reversal disorder in XX males and XY females. Pseudogenes of this gene are found on chromosomes X, 15 and Y. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2010]
Summary	{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nThe human protein kinase X (PRKX) is an evolutionarily ancient, cAMP‐dependent serine/threonine kinase that is phylogenetically distinct from typical protein kinase A (PKA) family members. It displays a highly regulated developmental expression pattern—in particular, its expression in the fetal kidney is restricted to the ureteric bud epithelium, where it promotes renal epithelial cell migration and branching morphogenesis. In disease models of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), functional interactions between PRKX and polycystin‑1 have been observed; here, expression of a constitutively active form of PRKX rescues defects in cell adhesion, migration, and tubule branching that result from PKD1 deficiency."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n \n \nDis part of its broad biological repertoire, PRKX has been demonstrated to actively stimulate key endothelial cell behaviors, including proliferation, migration, and the formation of vascular‐like structures, which are essential for angiogenesis. Interacting with regulators such as Pin‑1, Magi‑1, and Bag‑3, its pro‐angiogenic effects suggest a critical role in both physiological vascular development and in pathological conditions characterized by neovascularization."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n \n \nIn addition, elevated PRKX expression has been implicated in the acquisition of resistance to chemotherapeutic agents such as Sunitinib in kidney and melanoma cell lines. This observation raises the possibility that PRKX serves not only as a marker for drug resistance but also as a potential target for combinatorial strategies aimed at overcoming therapeutic resistance. Recent reviews further highlight the unique structural and functional characteristics of PRKX—as distinct from classical cAMP kinases—and suggest its involvement in a spectrum of developmental processes, including aspects of sexual differentiation and neural development."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "4"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Xiaohong Li, Hsi-Ping Li, Kurt Amsler, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "PRKX, a phylogenetically and functionally distinct cAMP-dependent protein kinase, activates renal epithelial cell migration and morphogenesis."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2002)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1073/pnas.132051799"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.132051799"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "12082174"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12082174"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Xiaohong Li, Christopher R Burrow, Katalin Polgar, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Protein kinase X (PRKX) can rescue the effects of polycystic kidney disease-1 gene (PKD1) deficiency."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Biochim Biophys Acta (2008)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.bbadis.2007.09.003"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbadis.2007.09.003"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "17980165"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17980165"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Xiaohong Li, Carlo Iomini, Deborah Hyink, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "PRKX critically regulates endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and vascular-like structure formation."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Dev Biol (2011)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.ydbio.2011.05.673"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ydbio.2011.05.673"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "21684272"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21684272"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Claus Bender, Axel Ullrich "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "PRKX, TTBK2 and RSK4 expression causes Sunitinib resistance in kidney carcinoma- and melanoma-cell lines."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Int J Cancer (2012)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1002/ijc.26486"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.26486"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "22020623"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22020623"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 5, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Sizhou Huang, Qian Li, Ian Alberts, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "PRKX, a Novel cAMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Member, Plays an Important Role in Development."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Cell Biochem (2016)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1002/jcb.25304"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/jcb.25304"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "26252946"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26252946"}]}]}]}
Synonyms	PKX1
Proteins	PRKX_HUMAN
NCBI Gene ID	5613
API
Download Associations
Predicted Functions
Co-expressed Genes
Expression in Tissues and Cell Lines

Functional Associations

PRKX has 6,370 functional associations with biological entities spanning 9 categories (molecular profile, organism, chemical, functional term, phrase or reference, disease, phenotype or trait, structural feature, cell line, cell type or tissue, gene, protein or microRNA, sequence feature) extracted from 125 datasets.

Click the + buttons to view associations for PRKX from the datasets below.

If available, associations are ranked by standardized value

Harmonizome 3.0

PRKX Gene

Functional Associations

Please acknowledge the Harmonizome in your publications by citing the following reference(s):

	Dataset	Summary
	Achilles Cell Line Gene Essentiality Profiles	cell lines with fitness changed by PRKX gene knockdown relative to other cell lines from the Achilles Cell Line Gene Essentiality Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of PRKX gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of PRKX gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles	tissue samples with high or low expression of PRKX gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray	tissue samples with high or low expression of PRKX gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq	tissue samples with high or low expression of PRKX gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of PRKX gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of PRKX gene relative to other cell lines from the BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of PRKX gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Carcinogenome Chemical Perturbation Carcinogenicity Signatures	small molecule perturbations changing expression of PRKX gene from the Carcinogenome Chemical Perturbation Carcinogenicity Signatures dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of PRKX gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of PRKX gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles	cell lines with PRKX gene mutations from the CCLE Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles dataset.
	CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations	cell types associated with PRKX gene from the CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of PRKX gene from the CHEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of PRKX gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022	transcription factors binding the promoter of PRKX gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022 dataset.
	CM4AI KOLF21J CRISPRi Gene Perturbation Atlas	gene perturbations changing expression of PRKX gene from the CM4AI KOLF21J CRISPRi Gene Perturbation Atlas dataset.
	CM4AI U2OS Cell Map Protein Localization Assemblies	assemblies containing PRKX protein from integrated AP-MS and IF data from the CM4AI U2OS Cell Map Protein Localization Assemblies dataset.
	CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules	small molecule perturbations changing expression of PRKX gene from the CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components containing PRKX protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components containing PRKX protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components co-occuring with PRKX protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components co-occuring with PRKX protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of PRKX gene relative to other cell lines from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles	cell lines with PRKX gene mutations from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles dataset.
	CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions	chemicals interacting with PRKX gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions dataset.
	CTD Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with PRKX gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	DeepCoverMOA Drug Mechanisms of Action	small molecule perturbations with high or low expression of PRKX protein relative to other small molecule perturbations from the DeepCoverMOA Drug Mechanisms of Action dataset.
	DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency	cell lines with fitness changed by PRKX gene knockdown relative to other cell lines from the DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency dataset.
	DGIdb Drug Targets 2026	interacting drugs for PRKX protein from the DGIdb Drug Targets 2026 dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores	diseases co-occuring with PRKX gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases co-occuring with PRKX gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with PRKX gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Phenotype Associations	phenotypes associated with PRKX gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Phenoptype Associations dataset.
	ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles	histone modification site profiles with high histone modification abundance at PRKX gene from the ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles dataset.
	ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of PRKX gene from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of PRKX gene in ChIP-seq datasets from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells	PubMedIDs of publications reporting gene signatures containing PRKX from the ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells dataset.
	GAD High Level Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with PRKX gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD High Level Gene-Disease Associations dataset.