Name | prostaglandin E synthase |
Description | The protein encoded by this gene is a glutathione-dependent prostaglandin E synthase. The expression of this gene has been shown to be induced by proinflammatory cytokine interleukin 1 beta (IL1B). Its expression can also be induced by tumor suppressor protein TP53, and may be involved in TP53 induced apoptosis. Knockout studies in mice suggest that this gene may contribute to the pathogenesis of collagen-induced arthritis and mediate acute pain during inflammatory responses. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
Summary |
{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nProstaglandin E synthases (PTGES) comprise a family of terminal enzymes—including the membrane‐bound isoforms (mPGES‐1 and mPGES‐2) and the cytosolic form (cPGES)—that catalyze the isomerization of the cyclooxygenase (COX) product PGH₂ into the bioactive lipid mediator prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂). This conversion is central to maintaining tissue homeostasis as well as to driving pathological processes. In various cell types, PTGES enzymes are coupled with both constitutive (COX‐1) and inducible (COX‐2) cyclooxygenases, and their intrinsic catalytic properties, cofactor requirements (e.g. glutathione dependence) and even their structural organization (e.g. trimer formation) have been characterized using recombinant expression systems and electron crystallography. Furthermore, studies in human fetal membranes and endothelial cells demonstrate that both constitutive and stimulus‐inducible forms contribute to an immediate as well as delayed PGE₂ generation."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "8"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nExpression of PTGES is tightly regulated by a variety of inflammatory and stress‐related signals. Proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin‐1β, as well as environmental triggers like cigarette smoke and hypoxia, stimulate PTGES gene transcription via pathways involving NF‐κB, HIF‐1α and other transcription factors. In diverse cell types—including synovial fibroblasts, chondrocytes, endothelial cells, and even specialized cells in hair follicles or aortic tissue—epigenetic mechanisms (e.g. histone methylation and DNA hypomethylation) and regulatory circuits mediated by nuclear receptors (for example, PPARγ) further modulate PTGES expression. Such regulation is pivotal not only to orchestrate acute inflammatory responses (as seen in rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis and atherosclerosis) but also to influence cellular phenotypes in contexts ranging from tissue repair to airway reactivity."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "9", "end_ref": "34"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nOwing to its central role in PGE₂ production, PTGES has emerged as a promising therapeutic target in a spectrum of diseases including various human cancers (colon, prostate, hepatocellular carcinoma, head and neck and gliomas), as well as inflammatory disorders and vascular pathologies. Selective pharmacological inhibitors—including small molecules and natural products—as well as genetic knockdown strategies have been shown to diminish PTGES activity, lower PGE₂ synthesis and thereby reduce tumor cell proliferation, angiogenesis and inflammatory cell recruitment. Such interventions have demonstrated efficacy in preclinical models by impeding tumor growth and vascular remodeling, underscoring the therapeutic potential of specifically modulating PTGES activity while sparing upstream COX functions."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "35", "end_ref": "45"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "W Uracz, D Uracz, R Olszanecki, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Interleukin 1beta induces functional prostaglandin E synthase in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Physiol Pharmacol (2002)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "12512699"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12512699"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Juliana W Meadows, Annie L W Eis, Diane E Brockman, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Expression and localization of prostaglandin E synthase isoforms in human fetal membranes in term and preterm labor."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Clin Endocrinol Metab (2003)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1210/jc.2002-021061"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2002-021061"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "12519887"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12519887"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Daisuke Kamei, Makoto Murakami, Yoshihito Nakatani, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Potential role of microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 in tumorigenesis."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Biol Chem (2003)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1074/jbc.M213290200"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M213290200"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "12626523"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12626523"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Staffan Thorén, Rolf Weinander, Sipra Saha, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Human microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1: purification, functional characterization, and projection structure determination."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Biol Chem (2003)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1074/jbc.M303227200"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M303227200"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "12672824"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12672824"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 5, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Makoto Murakami, Karin Nakashima, Daisuke Kamei, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cellular prostaglandin E2 production by membrane-bound prostaglandin E synthase-2 via both cyclooxygenases-1 and -2."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Biol Chem (2003)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1074/jbc.M305108200"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M305108200"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "12835322"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12835322"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 6, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Matthew C Catley, Joanna E Chivers, Lisa M Cambridge, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "IL-1beta-dependent activation of NF-kappaB mediates PGE2 release via the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and microsomal prostaglandin E synthase."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "FEBS Lett (2003)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/s0014-5793(03)00672-0"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0014-5793(03"}, {"type": "t", "text": "00672-0) PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "12860389"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12860389"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 7, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Tove Hammarberg, Mats Hamberg, Anders Wetterholm, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mutation of a critical arginine in microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 shifts the isomerase activity to a reductase activity that converts prostaglandin H2 into prostaglandin F2alpha."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Biol Chem (2009)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1074/jbc.M808365200"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M808365200"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "18984580"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18984580"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 8, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Adel Hamza, Min Tong, Mohamed Diwan M AbdulHameed, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Understanding microscopic binding of human microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1) trimer with substrate PGH2 and cofactor GSH: insights from computational alanine scanning and site-directed mutagenesis."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Phys Chem B (2010)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1021/jp100668y"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1021/jp100668y"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "20369883"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20369883"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 9, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Dragan Golijanin, Jian-You Tan, Agnieszka Kazior, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cyclooxygenase-2 and microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 are overexpressed in squamous cell carcinoma of the penis."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Clin Cancer Res (2004)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-1032-3"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-1032-3"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "14871981"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14871981"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 10, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Saranette Cheng, Hassan Afif, Johanne Martel-Pelletier, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma inhibits interleukin-1beta-induced membrane-associated prostaglandin E2 synthase-1 expression in human synovial fibroblasts by interfering with Egr-1."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Biol Chem (2004)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1074/jbc.M402828200"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M402828200"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "15023995"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15023995"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 11, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "M Westman, M Korotkova, E af Klint, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Expression of microsomal prostaglandin E synthase 1 in rheumatoid arthritis synovium."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Arthritis Rheum (2004)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1002/art.20286"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/art.20286"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "15188353"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15188353"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 12, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Christine A Martey, Stephen J Pollock, Chantal K Turner, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cigarette smoke induces cyclooxygenase-2 and microsomal prostaglandin E2 synthase in human lung fibroblasts: implications for lung inflammation and cancer."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol (2004)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1152/ajplung.00239.2003"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00239.2003"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "15234907"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15234907"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 13, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Xinfang Li, Hassan Afif, Saranette Cheng, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Expression and regulation of microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 in human osteoarthritic cartilage and chondrocytes."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Rheumatol (2005)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "15868626"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15868626"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 14, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Almudena Gómez-Hernández, Jose Luis Martín-Ventura, Eva Sánchez-Galán, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Overexpression of COX-2, Prostaglandin E synthase-1 and prostaglandin E receptors in blood mononuclear cells and plaque of patients with carotid atherosclerosis: regulation by nuclear factor-kappaB."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Atherosclerosis (2006)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2005.08.035"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2005.08.035"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "16212965"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16212965"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 15, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Troy Payner, H Anne Leaver, Brian Knapp, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 regulates human glioma cell growth via prostaglandin E(2)-dependent activation of type II protein kinase A."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mol Cancer Ther (2006)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-05-0548"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-05-0548"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "16891468"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16891468"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 16, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Michela Mosca, Nadia Polentarutti, Giorgina Mangano, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Regulation of the microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 in polarized mononuclear phagocytes and its constitutive expression in neutrophils."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Leukoc Biol (2007)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1189/jlb.0906576"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1189/jlb.0906576"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "17505022"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17505022"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 17, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Laurent Colombe, Armelle Vindrios, Jean-François Michelet, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Prostaglandin metabolism in human hair follicle."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Exp Dermatol (2007)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1111/j.1600-0625.2007.00586.x"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0625.2007.00586.x"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "17697149"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17697149"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 18, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "William E Ackerman, Taryn L S Summerfield, Dale D Vandre, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nuclear factor-kappa B regulates inducible prostaglandin E synthase expression in human amnion mesenchymal cells."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Biol Reprod (2008)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1095/biolreprod.107.061663"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1095/biolreprod.107.061663"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "17928629"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17928629"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 19, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Astrid Jüngel, Oliver Distler, Ursula Schulze-Horsel, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Microparticles stimulate the synthesis of prostaglandin E(2) via induction of cyclooxygenase 2 and microsomal prostaglandin E synthase 1."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Arthritis Rheum (2007)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1002/art.22980"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/art.22980"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "17968936"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17968936"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 20, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "C Grimmer, D Pfander, B Swoboda, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha is involved in the prostaglandin metabolism of osteoarthritic cartilage through up-regulation of microsomal prostaglandin E synthase 1 in articular chondrocytes."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Arthritis Rheum (2007)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1002/art.23136"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/art.23136"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "18050215"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18050215"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 21, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Antje Banning, Simone Florian, Stefanie Deubel, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "GPx2 counteracts PGE2 production by dampening COX-2 and mPGES-1 expression in human colon cancer cells."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Antioxid Redox Signal (2008)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1089/ars.2008.2047"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1089/ars.2008.2047"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "18479189"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18479189"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 22, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Uzma A Chaudhry, Hean Zhuang, Barbara J Crain, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Elevated microsomal prostaglandin-E synthase-1 in Alzheimer's disease."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Alzheimers Dement (2008)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.jalz.2007.10.015"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2007.10.015"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "18631945"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18631945"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 23, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Javier Megías, María Isabel Guillén, Victoria Clérigues, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Heme oxygenase-1 induction modulates microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 expression and prostaglandin E(2) production in osteoarthritic chondrocytes."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Biochem Pharmacol (2009)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.bcp.2009.03.009"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcp.2009.03.009"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "19428335"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19428335"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 24, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "James J Lee, Mitsuteru Natsuizaka, Shinya Ohashi, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Hypoxia activates the cyclooxygenase-2-prostaglandin E synthase axis."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Carcinogenesis (2010)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1093/carcin/bgp326"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1093/carcin/bgp326"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "20042640"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20042640"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 25, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Whajung Cho, Youngmi Kim, Doo-Il Jeoung, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "IL-4 and IL-13 suppress prostaglandins production in human follicular dendritic cells by repressing COX-2 and mPGES-1 expression through JAK1 and STAT6."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mol Immunol (2011)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.molimm.2011.01.007"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molimm.2011.01.007"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "21277633"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21277633"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 26, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "David Hasan, Tomoki Hashimoto, David Kung, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Upregulation of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and microsomal prostaglandin E2 synthase-1 (mPGES-1) in wall of ruptured human cerebral aneurysms: preliminary results."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Stroke (2012)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1161/STROKEAHA.112.655829"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.112.655829"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "22588264"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22588264"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 27, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Yoshiharu Akitake, Yoshihito Nakatani, Daisuke Kamei, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 is induced in alzheimer's disease and its deletion mitigates alzheimer's disease-like pathology in a mouse model."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Neurosci Res (2013)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1002/jnr.23217"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/jnr.23217"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "23553915"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23553915"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 28, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mercedes Camacho, Jaume Dilmé, David Solà-Villà, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Microvascular COX-2/mPGES-1/EP-4 axis in human abdominal aortic aneurysm."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Lipid Res (2013)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1194/jlr.M042481"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1194/jlr.M042481"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "24133193"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24133193"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 29, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Daisheng Song, Lin-sheng Li, Patrick R Arsenault, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Defective Tibetan PHD2 binding to p23 links high altitude adaption to altered oxygen sensing."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Biol Chem (2014)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1074/jbc.M113.541227"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M113.541227"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "24711448"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24711448"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 30, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Fatima Ezzahra El Mansouri, Salwa-Sarah Nebbaki, Mohit Kapoor, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Lysine-specific demethylase 1-mediated demethylation of histone H3 lysine 9 contributes to interleukin 1β-induced microsomal prostaglandin E synthase 1 expression in human osteoarthritic chondrocytes."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Arthritis Res Ther (2014)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1186/ar4564"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1186/ar4564"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "24886859"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24886859"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 31, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Seunghee Lee, Hyung-Sik Kim, Kyoung-Hwan Roh, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "DNA methyltransferase inhibition accelerates the immunomodulation and migration of human mesenchymal stem cells."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Sci Rep (2015)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/srep08020"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/srep08020"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "25620445"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25620445"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 32, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Federica Finetti, Erika Terzuoli, Antonio Giachetti, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "mPGES-1 in prostate cancer controls stemness and amplifies epidermal growth factor receptor-driven oncogenicity."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Endocr Relat Cancer (2015)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1530/ERC-15-0277"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1530/ERC-15-0277"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "26113609"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26113609"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 33, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Liliana Machado-Carvalho, Margarita Martín, Rosa Torres, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Low E-prostanoid 2 receptor levels and deficient induction of the IL-1β/IL-1 type I receptor/COX-2 pathway: Vicious circle in patients with aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Allergy Clin Immunol (2016)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.jaci.2015.09.028"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2015.09.028"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "26560040"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26560040"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 34, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Berta Almoguera, Lyam Vazquez, Frank Mentch, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Identification of Four Novel Loci in Asthma in European American and African American Populations."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Am J Respir Crit Care Med (2017)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1164/rccm.201604-0861OC"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.201604-0861OC"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "27611488"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27611488"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 35, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Rozenn N Lemaitre, Kenneth Rice, Kristin Marciante, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Variation in eicosanoid genes, non-fatal myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Atherosclerosis (2009)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2008.10.011"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2008.10.011"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "19046748"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19046748"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 36, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Andreas Koeberle, Heiko Zettl, Christine Greiner, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Pirinixic acid derivatives as novel dual inhibitors of microsomal prostaglandin E2 synthase-1 and 5-lipoxygenase."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Med Chem (2008)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1021/jm801085s"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1021/jm801085s"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "19053751"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19053751"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 37, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Simo Mattila, Hannu Tuominen, John Koivukangas, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "The terminal prostaglandin synthases mPGES-1, mPGES-2, and cPGES are all overexpressed in human gliomas."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Neuropathology (2009)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1111/j.1440-1789.2008.00963.x"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1789.2008.00963.x"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "19347995"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19347995"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 38, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "D Lu, C Han, T Wu "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 promotes hepatocarcinogenesis through activation of a novel EGR1/β-catenin signaling axis."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Oncogene (2012)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/onc.2011.287"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/onc.2011.287"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "21743491"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21743491"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 39, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Tomoya Shiro, Hirotada Takahashi, Keisuke Kakiguchi, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Synthesis and SAR study of imidazoquinolines as a novel structural class of microsomal prostaglandin E₂ synthase-1 inhibitors."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Bioorg Med Chem Lett (2012)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.11.015"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.11.015"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "22137787"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22137787"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 40, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Sonia Alcolea, Rosa Antón, Mercedes Camacho, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Interaction between head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells and fibroblasts in the biosynthesis of PGE2."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Lipid Res (2012)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1194/jlr.M019695"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1194/jlr.M019695"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "22308510"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22308510"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 41, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Julia Bauer, Susanne Kuehnl, Judith M Rollinger, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Carnosol and carnosic acids from Salvia officinalis inhibit microsomal prostaglandin E2 synthase-1."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Pharmacol Exp Ther (2012)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1124/jpet.112.193847"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1124/jpet.112.193847"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "22511203"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22511203"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 42, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Houjun Xia, Chunyan Wang, Wenlin Chen, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Kruppel-like factor 5 transcription factor promotes microsomal prostaglandin E2 synthase 1 gene transcription in breast cancer."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Biol Chem (2013)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1074/jbc.M113.483958"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M113.483958"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "23913682"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23913682"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 43, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Diana Ruan, Shui-Ping So "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Prostaglandin E2 produced by inducible COX-2 and mPGES-1 promoting cancer cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Life Sci (2014)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.lfs.2014.07.042"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2014.07.042"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "25139833"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25139833"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 44, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Gulsev Ozen, Ingrid Gomez, Armond Daci, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Inhibition of microsomal PGE synthase-1 reduces human vascular tone by increasing PGI"}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "sub"}], "href": "sub"}, {"type": "t", "text": "2"}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "/sub"}], "href": "/sub"}, {"type": "t", "text": " : a safer alternative to COX-2 inhibition."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Br J Pharmacol (2017)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1111/bph.13939"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/bph.13939"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "28675448"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28675448"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 45, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Anna Kock, Karin Larsson, Filip Bergqvist, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Inhibition of Microsomal Prostaglandin E Synthase-1 in Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Suppresses Neuroblastoma Tumor Growth."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "EBioMedicine (2018)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.05.008"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.05.008"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "29804818"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29804818"}]}]}]}
|
Synonyms | PP1294, MPGES-1, MGST1L1, PP102, TP53I12, PGES, MPGES, MGST-IV, MGST1-L1, PIG12 |
Proteins | PTGES_HUMAN |
NCBI Gene ID | 9536 |
API | |
Download Associations | |
Predicted Functions |
![]() |
Co-expressed Genes |
![]() |
Expression in Tissues and Cell Lines |
![]() |
PTGES has 9,132 functional associations with biological entities spanning 9 categories (molecular profile, organism, functional term, phrase or reference, chemical, disease, phenotype or trait, structural feature, cell line, cell type or tissue, gene, protein or microRNA, sequence feature) extracted from 112 datasets.
Click the + buttons to view associations for PTGES from the datasets below.
If available, associations are ranked by standardized value
Dataset | Summary | |
---|---|---|
Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles | tissues with high or low expression of PTGES gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles | tissues with high or low expression of PTGES gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray | tissue samples with high or low expression of PTGES gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray dataset. | |
Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq | tissue samples with high or low expression of PTGES gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq dataset. | |
Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles | tissues with high or low expression of PTGES gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
Biocarta Pathways | pathways involving PTGES protein from the Biocarta Pathways dataset. | |
BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles | cell lines with high or low expression of PTGES gene relative to other cell lines from the BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles | cell types and tissues with high or low expression of PTGES gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles | cell types and tissues with high or low expression of PTGES gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles | cell lines with high or low copy number of PTGES gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset. | |
CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles | cell lines with high or low expression of PTGES gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
CCLE Cell Line Proteomics | Cell lines associated with PTGES protein from the CCLE Cell Line Proteomics dataset. | |
CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations | cell types associated with PTGES gene from the CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations dataset. | |
ChEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles | transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of PTGES gene from the CHEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset. | |
ChEA Transcription Factor Targets | transcription factors binding the promoter of PTGES gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets dataset. | |
ChEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022 | transcription factors binding the promoter of PTGES gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022 dataset. | |
CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules | small molecule perturbations changing expression of PTGES gene from the CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules dataset. | |
COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores | cellular components containing PTGES protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset. | |
COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 | cellular components containing PTGES protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset. | |
COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores | cellular components co-occuring with PTGES protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset. | |
COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 | cellular components co-occuring with PTGES protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset. | |
COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles | cell lines with PTGES gene mutations from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles dataset. | |
CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions | chemicals interacting with PTGES gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions dataset. | |
CTD Gene-Disease Associations | diseases associated with PTGES gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Disease Associations dataset. | |
DeepCoverMOA Drug Mechanisms of Action | small molecule perturbations with high or low expression of PTGES protein relative to other small molecule perturbations from the DeepCoverMOA Drug Mechanisms of Action dataset. | |
DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency | cell lines with fitness changed by PTGES gene knockdown relative to other cell lines from the DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency dataset. | |
DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025 | diseases associated with PTGES gene in GWAS datasets from the DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset. | |
DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores | diseases co-occuring with PTGES gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset. | |
DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025 | diseases co-occuring with PTGES gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset. | |
DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations | diseases associated with PTGES gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations dataset. | |
DisGeNET Gene-Phenotype Associations | phenotypes associated with PTGES gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Phenoptype Associations dataset. | |
ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles | histone modification site profiles with high histone modification abundance at PTGES gene from the ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles dataset. | |
ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles | transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of PTGES gene from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset. | |
ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets | transcription factors binding the promoter of PTGES gene in ChIP-seq datasets from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets dataset. | |
ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells | PubMedIDs of publications reporting gene signatures containing PTGES from the ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells dataset. | |
GAD Gene-Disease Associations | diseases associated with PTGES gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD Gene-Disease Associations dataset. | |
GAD High Level Gene-Disease Associations | diseases associated with PTGES gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD High Level Gene-Disease Associations dataset. | |
GDSC Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles | cell lines with high or low expression of PTGES gene relative to other cell lines from the GDSC Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
GeneRIF Biological Term Annotations | biological terms co-occuring with PTGES gene in literature-supported statements describing functions of genes from the GeneRIF Biological Term Annotations dataset. | |
GeneSigDB Published Gene Signatures | PubMedIDs of publications reporting gene signatures containing PTGES from the GeneSigDB Published Gene Signatures dataset. | |
GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Diseases | disease perturbations changing expression of PTGES gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Diseases dataset. | |
GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Gene Perturbations | gene perturbations changing expression of PTGES gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Gene Perturbations dataset. | |
GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Kinase Perturbations | kinase perturbations changing expression of PTGES gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Kinase Perturbations dataset. | |
GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules | small molecule perturbations changing expression of PTGES gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules dataset. | |
GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Transcription Factor Perturbations | transcription factor perturbations changing expression of PTGES gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Transcription Factor Perturbations dataset. | |
GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Viral Infections | virus perturbations changing expression of PTGES gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Viral Infections dataset. | |
GO Biological Process Annotations 2015 | biological processes involving PTGES gene from the curated GO Biological Process Annotations 2015 dataset. | |
GO Biological Process Annotations 2023 | biological processes involving PTGES gene from the curated GO Biological Process Annotations 2023 dataset. | |
GO Biological Process Annotations 2025 | biological processes involving PTGES gene from the curated GO Biological Process Annotations2025 dataset. | |
GO Cellular Component Annotations 2015 | cellular components containing PTGES protein from the curated GO Cellular Component Annotations 2015 dataset. | |
GO Cellular Component Annotations 2023 | cellular components containing PTGES protein from the curated GO Cellular Component Annotations 2023 dataset. | |
GO Cellular Component Annotations 2025 | cellular components containing PTGES protein from the curated GO Cellular Component Annotations 2025 dataset. | |
GO Molecular Function Annotations 2015 | molecular functions performed by PTGES gene from the curated GO Molecular Function Annotations 2015 dataset. | |
GO Molecular Function Annotations 2023 | molecular functions performed by PTGES gene from the curated GO Molecular Function Annotations 2023 dataset. | |
GO Molecular Function Annotations 2025 | molecular functions performed by PTGES gene from the curated GO Molecular Function Annotations 2025 dataset. | |
GTEx eQTL 2025 | SNPs regulating expression of PTGES gene from the GTEx eQTL 2025 dataset. | |
GTEx Tissue Gene Expression Profiles | tissues with high or low expression of PTGES gene relative to other tissues from the GTEx Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
GTEx Tissue Gene Expression Profiles 2023 | tissues with high or low expression of PTGES gene relative to other tissues from the GTEx Tissue Gene Expression Profiles 2023 dataset. | |
GTEx Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles | tissue samples with high or low expression of PTGES gene relative to other tissue samples from the GTEx Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
GWASdb SNP-Disease Associations | diseases associated with PTGES gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GWASdb SNP-Disease Associations dataset. | |
GWASdb SNP-Phenotype Associations | phenotypes associated with PTGES gene in GWAS datasets from the GWASdb SNP-Phenotype Associations dataset. | |
Heiser et al., PNAS, 2011 Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles | cell lines with high or low expression of PTGES gene relative to other cell lines from the Heiser et al., PNAS, 2011 Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
HMDB Metabolites of Enzymes | interacting metabolites for PTGES protein from the curated HMDB Metabolites of Enzymes dataset. | |
HPA Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles | cell lines with high or low expression of PTGES gene relative to other cell lines from the HPA Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
HPA Tissue Gene Expression Profiles | tissues with high or low expression of PTGES gene relative to other tissues from the HPA Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
HPA Tissue Protein Expression Profiles | tissues with high or low expression of PTGES protein relative to other tissues from the HPA Tissue Protein Expression Profiles dataset. | |
HPA Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles | tissue samples with high or low expression of PTGES gene relative to other tissue samples from the HPA Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
HuGE Navigator Gene-Phenotype Associations | phenotypes associated with PTGES gene by text-mining GWAS publications from the HuGE Navigator Gene-Phenotype Associations dataset. | |
HumanCyc Pathways | pathways involving PTGES protein from the HumanCyc Pathways dataset. | |
InterPro Predicted Protein Domain Annotations | protein domains predicted for PTGES protein from the InterPro Predicted Protein Domain Annotations dataset. | |
JASPAR Predicted Transcription Factor Targets | transcription factors regulating expression of PTGES gene predicted using known transcription factor binding site motifs from the JASPAR Predicted Transcription Factor Targets dataset. | |
KEGG Pathways | pathways involving PTGES protein from the KEGG Pathways dataset. | |
Klijn et al., Nat. Biotechnol., 2015 Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles | cell lines with high or low copy number of PTGES gene relative to other cell lines from the Klijn et al., Nat. Biotechnol., 2015 Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset. | |
Klijn et al., Nat. Biotechnol., 2015 Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles | cell lines with high or low expression of PTGES gene relative to other cell lines from the Klijn et al., Nat. Biotechnol., 2015 Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
Klijn et al., Nat. Biotechnol., 2015 Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles | cell lines with PTGES gene mutations from the Klijn et al., Nat. Biotechnol., 2015 Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles dataset. | |
KnockTF Gene Expression Profiles with Transcription Factor Perturbations | transcription factor perturbations changing expression of PTGES gene from the KnockTF Gene Expression Profiles with Transcription Factor Perturbations dataset. | |
LINCS L1000 CMAP Chemical Perturbation Consensus Signatures | small molecule perturbations changing expression of PTGES gene from the LINCS L1000 CMAP Chemical Perturbations Consensus Signatures dataset. | |
LINCS L1000 CMAP CRISPR Knockout Consensus Signatures | gene perturbations changing expression of PTGES gene from the LINCS L1000 CMAP CRISPR Knockout Consensus Signatures dataset. | |
LINCS L1000 CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules | small molecule perturbations changing expression of PTGES gene from the LINCS L1000 CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules dataset. | |
LOCATE Predicted Protein Localization Annotations | cellular components predicted to contain PTGES protein from the LOCATE Predicted Protein Localization Annotations dataset. | |
MGI Mouse Phenotype Associations 2023 | phenotypes of transgenic mice caused by PTGES gene mutations from the MGI Mouse Phenotype Associations 2023 dataset. | |
MiRTarBase microRNA Targets | microRNAs targeting PTGES gene in low- or high-throughput microRNA targeting studies from the MiRTarBase microRNA Targets dataset. | |
MotifMap Predicted Transcription Factor Targets | transcription factors regulating expression of PTGES gene predicted using known transcription factor binding site motifs from the MotifMap Predicted Transcription Factor Targets dataset. | |
MPO Gene-Phenotype Associations | phenotypes of transgenic mice caused by PTGES gene mutations from the MPO Gene-Phenotype Associations dataset. | |
MSigDB Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Cancer Gene Perturbations | gene perturbations changing expression of PTGES gene from the MSigDB Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Cancer Gene Perturbations dataset. | |
MW Enzyme Metabolite Associations | interacting metabolites for PTGES protein from the MW Gene Metabolite Associations dataset. | |
NIBR DRUG-seq U2OS MoA Box Gene Expression Profiles | drug perturbations changing expression of PTGES gene from the NIBR DRUG-seq U2OS MoA Box dataset. | |
Pathway Commons Protein-Protein Interactions | interacting proteins for PTGES from the Pathway Commons Protein-Protein Interactions dataset. | |
PerturbAtlas Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Gene Perturbations | gene perturbations changing expression of PTGES gene from the PerturbAtlas Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Gene Perturbations dataset. | |
PerturbAtlas Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Mouse Gene Perturbations | gene perturbations changing expression of PTGES gene from the PerturbAtlas Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Gene Perturbations dataset. | |
PFOCR Pathway Figure Associations 2023 | pathways involving PTGES protein from the PFOCR Pathway Figure Associations 2023 dataset. | |
PFOCR Pathway Figure Associations 2024 | pathways involving PTGES protein from the Wikipathways PFOCR 2024 dataset. | |
Reactome Pathways 2014 | pathways involving PTGES protein from the Reactome Pathways dataset. | |
Reactome Pathways 2024 | pathways involving PTGES protein from the Reactome Pathways 2024 dataset. | |
Roadmap Epigenomics Cell and Tissue DNA Methylation Profiles | cell types and tissues with high or low DNA methylation of PTGES gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the Roadmap Epigenomics Cell and Tissue DNA Methylation Profiles dataset. | |
Roadmap Epigenomics Cell and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles | cell types and tissues with high or low expression of PTGES gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the Roadmap Epigenomics Cell and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
Roadmap Epigenomics Histone Modification Site Profiles | histone modification site profiles with high histone modification abundance at PTGES gene from the Roadmap Epigenomics Histone Modification Site Profiles dataset. | |
RummaGEO Drug Perturbation Signatures | drug perturbations changing expression of PTGES gene from the RummaGEO Drug Perturbation Signatures dataset. | |
RummaGEO Gene Perturbation Signatures | gene perturbations changing expression of PTGES gene from the RummaGEO Gene Perturbation Signatures dataset. | |
Sanger Dependency Map Cancer Cell Line Proteomics | cell lines associated with PTGES protein from the Sanger Dependency Map Cancer Cell Line Proteomics dataset. | |
Tabula Sapiens Gene-Cell Associations | cell types with high or low expression of PTGES gene relative to other cell types from the Tabula Sapiens Gene-Cell Associations dataset. | |
TargetScan Predicted Conserved microRNA Targets | microRNAs regulating expression of PTGES gene predicted using conserved miRNA seed sequences from the TargetScan Predicted Conserved microRNA Targets dataset. | |
TargetScan Predicted Nonconserved microRNA Targets | microRNAs regulating expression of PTGES gene predicted using nonconserved miRNA seed sequences from the TargetScan Predicted Nonconserved microRNA Targets dataset. | |
TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors | tissue samples with high or low expression of PTGES gene relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset. | |
TISSUES Curated Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores | tissues with high expression of PTGES protein from the TISSUES Curated Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores dataset. | |
TISSUES Curated Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025 | tissues with high expression of PTGES protein from the TISSUES Curated Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025 dataset. | |
TISSUES Experimental Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores | tissues with high expression of PTGES protein in proteomics datasets from the TISSUES Experimental Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores dataset. | |
TISSUES Experimental Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025 | tissues with high expression of PTGES protein in proteomics datasets from the TISSUES Experimental Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025 dataset. | |
TISSUES Text-mining Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores | tissues co-occuring with PTGES protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the TISSUES Text-mining Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores dataset. | |
TISSUES Text-mining Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025 | tissues co-occuring with PTGES protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the TISSUES Text-mining Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025 dataset. | |
WikiPathways Pathways 2014 | pathways involving PTGES protein from the Wikipathways Pathways 2014 dataset. | |
WikiPathways Pathways 2024 | pathways involving PTGES protein from the WikiPathways Pathways 2024 dataset. | |