{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nReceptor‐type protein tyrosine phosphatase κ (PTPRK) serves as a critical negative regulator of receptor tyrosine kinase signaling. In epidermal cells, PTPRK directly dephosphorylates the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) at specific tyrosine residues, thereby opposing its intrinsic kinase activity. Under stress conditions such as ultraviolet irradiation—where reactive oxygen species can oxidatively inactivate PTPRK—EGFR becomes hyper‐activated, a mechanism linked to connective tissue degradation and photoaging. Similarly, in lymphoid malignancies including natural killer/T‐cell lymphoma and Epstein–Barr virus–associated Hodgkin lymphoma, marked reductions in PTPRK expression result in aberrant STAT3 phosphorylation, which contributes to tumor cell growth and survival."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "7"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nIn addition to its regulatory effects on receptor kinases, PTPRK plays a central role in modulating the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway. Genomic alterations—such as fusions between PTPRK and RSPO3 observed in traditional serrated adenomas—and mutations in this phosphatase are associated with increased nuclear accumulation of β‐catenin. Moreover, by dephosphorylating key residues on β‐catenin and through interactions with E3 ubiquitin ligases like ZNRF3, PTPRK helps restrain the transcriptional programs that drive cell proliferation and oncogenesis in colorectal tissues."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "8", "end_ref": "11"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nBeyond signal modulation, PTPRK is instrumental in governing cell adhesion, migration, and overall tissue architecture. Its phosphatase activity influences the tyrosine phosphorylation status of adhesion molecules—such as β‐catenin—thereby regulating the stability and organization of adherens junctions. Loss of PTPRK expression or function—via gene deletions, promoter hypermethylation, mutations, and ectodomain shedding—has been linked to enhanced cell motility, diminished cell–cell adhesion, and resistance to apoptosis across several cancers (including glioma, prostate, colon, and ovarian malignancies), as well as in conditions marked by aberrant angiogenesis and immune dysregulation (e.g., celiac disease). Structural studies have further defined the determinants of PTPRK’s homophilic binding and substrate specificity, emphasizing its multifaceted role as a tumor suppressor and a modulator of intracellular signaling networks. These diverse functions underscore the importance of tight regulation of phosphorylation–dephosphorylation processes in both normal physiology and disease progression."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "12", "end_ref": "32"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Yiru Xu, Li-Jun Tan, Vladimir Grachtchouk, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Receptor-type protein-tyrosine phosphatase-kappa regulates epidermal growth factor receptor function."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Biol Chem (2005)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1074/jbc.M507722200"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M507722200"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "16263724"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16263724"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Yiru Xu, Yuan Shao, John J Voorhees, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Oxidative inhibition of receptor-type protein-tyrosine phosphatase kappa by ultraviolet irradiation activates epidermal growth factor receptor in human keratinocytes."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Biol Chem (2006)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1074/jbc.M602355200"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M602355200"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "16849327"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16849327"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Joanne R Flavell, Karl R N Baumforth, Victoria H J Wood, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Down-regulation of the TGF-beta target gene, PTPRK, by the Epstein-Barr virus encoded EBNA1 contributes to the growth and survival of Hodgkin lymphoma cells."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Blood (2008)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1182/blood-2006-11-059881"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2006-11-059881"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "17720884"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17720884"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "O Shimozato, M Waraya, K Nakashima, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Receptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatase κ directly dephosphorylates CD133 and regulates downstream AKT activation."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Oncogene (2015)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/onc.2014.141"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/onc.2014.141"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "24882578"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24882578"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 5, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Yiru Xu, Siliang Xue, Jin Zhou, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Notch and TGF-β pathways cooperatively regulate receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase-κ (PTPRK) gene expression in human primary keratinocytes."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mol Biol Cell (2015)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1091/mbc.E14-12-1591"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1091/mbc.E14-12-1591"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "25609089"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25609089"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 6, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Yun-Wen Chen, Tianhuan Guo, Lijun Shen, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase κ directly targets STAT3 activation for tumor suppression in nasal NK/T-cell lymphoma."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Blood (2015)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1182/blood-2014-07-588970"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2014-07-588970"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "25612622"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25612622"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 7, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Berta Casar, Andrew P Badrock, Iñaki Jiménez, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "RAS at the Golgi antagonizes malignant transformation through PTPRκ-mediated inhibition of ERK activation."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nat Commun (2018)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/s41467-018-05941-8"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-05941-8"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "30185827"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30185827"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 8, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Luisa Novellino, Annamaria De Filippo, Paola Deho, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "PTPRK negatively regulates transcriptional activity of wild type and mutated oncogenic beta-catenin and affects membrane distribution of beta-catenin/E-cadherin complexes in cancer cells."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cell Signal (2008)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.cellsig.2007.12.024"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cellsig.2007.12.024"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "18276111"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18276111"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 9, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Shigeki Sekine, Satoshi Yamashita, Taro Tanabe, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Frequent PTPRK-RSPO3 fusions and RNF43 mutations in colorectal traditional serrated adenoma."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Pathol (2016)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1002/path.4709"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/path.4709"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "26924569"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26924569"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 10, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Shigeki Sekine, Reiko Ogawa, Taiki Hashimoto, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Comprehensive characterization of RSPO fusions in colorectal traditional serrated adenomas."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Histopathology (2017)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1111/his.13265"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/his.13265"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "28543708"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28543708"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 11, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Minseong Kim, Carmen Reinhard, Christof Niehrs "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "A MET-PTPRK kinase-phosphatase rheostat controls ZNRF3 and Wnt signaling."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Elife (2021)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.7554/eLife.70885"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.70885"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "34590584"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34590584"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 12, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Jeyanthy Eswaran, Judit E Debreczeni, Emma Longman, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "The crystal structure of human receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase kappa phosphatase domain 1."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Protein Sci (2006)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1110/ps.062128706"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1110/ps.062128706"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "16672235"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16672235"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 13, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Namjil Erdenebayar, Yoichi Maekawa, Jun Nishida, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Protein-tyrosine phosphatase-kappa regulates CD4+ T cell development through ERK1/2-mediated signaling."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Biochem Biophys Res Commun (2009)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.09.117"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.09.117"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "19800317"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19800317"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 14, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Can Wang, Zengxia Li, Zhaohua Yang, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "The effect of receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase kappa on the change of cell adhesion and proliferation induced by N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase V."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Cell Biochem (2010)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1002/jcb.22387"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/jcb.22387"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "19911372"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19911372"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 15, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Yong-Sam Kim, Jee-Ae Jung, Hyun-Jung Kim, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Galectin-3 binding protein promotes cell motility in colon cancer by stimulating the shedding of protein tyrosine phosphatase kappa by proprotein convertase 5."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Biochem Biophys Res Commun (2011)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.11.071"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.11.071"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "21094132"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21094132"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 16, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Ping-Hui Sun, Lin Ye, Malcolm D Mason, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Protein tyrosine phosphatase kappa (PTPRK) is a negative regulator of adhesion and invasion of breast cancer cells, and associates with poor prognosis of breast cancer."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Cancer Res Clin Oncol (2013)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1007/s00432-013-1421-5"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00432-013-1421-5"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "23552869"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23552869"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 17, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Supreet Agarwal, Maha S Al-Keilani, Mohammad A Y Alqudah, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Tumor derived mutations of protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type k affect its function and alter sensitivity to chemotherapeutics in glioma."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "PLoS One (2013)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1371/journal.pone.0062852"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0062852"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "23696788"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23696788"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 18, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Constanza Bondar, Leticia Plaza-Izurieta, Nora Fernandez-Jimenez, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "THEMIS and PTPRK in celiac intestinal mucosa: coexpression in disease and after in vitro gliadin challenge."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Eur J Hum Genet (2014)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/ejhg.2013.136"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/ejhg.2013.136"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "23820479"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23820479"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 19, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Ping-Hui Sun, Lin Ye, Malcolm D Mason, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Receptor-like protein tyrosine phosphatase κ negatively regulates the apoptosis of prostate cancer cells via the JNK pathway."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Int J Oncol (2013)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.3892/ijo.2013.2082"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2013.2082"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "24002526"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24002526"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 20, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Stephanie M Stanford, German R Aleman Muench, Beatrix Bartok, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "TGFβ responsive tyrosine phosphatase promotes rheumatoid synovial fibroblast invasiveness."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Ann Rheum Dis (2016)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-205790"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-205790"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "25378349"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25378349"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 21, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Ping-Hui Sun, Gang Chen, Malcolm Mason, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Dual roles of protein tyrosine phosphatase kappa in coordinating angiogenesis induced by pro-angiogenic factors."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Int J Oncol (2017)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.3892/ijo.2017.3884"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2017.3884"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "28259897"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28259897"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 22, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Yang Chen, Chun Xu, Sam Harirforoosh, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Analysis of PTPRK polymorphisms in association with risk and age at onset of Alzheimer's disease, cancer risk, and cholesterol."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Psychiatr Res (2018)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.jpsychires.2017.09.021"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2017.09.021"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "28987514"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28987514"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 23, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Limin Xu, Xuting Xu, Huilian Huang, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "MiR-1260b promotes the migration and invasion in non-small cell lung cancer via targeting PTPRK."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Pathol Res Pract (2018)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.prp.2018.02.002"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prp.2018.02.002"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "29628123"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29628123"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 24, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Xuting Xu, Dong Li, Jin Liu, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Downregulation of PTPRK Promotes Cell Proliferation and Metastasis of NSCLC by Enhancing STAT3 Activation."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Anal Cell Pathol (Amst) (2019)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1155/2019/4265040"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/4265040"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "30838170"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30838170"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 25, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Gareth W Fearnley, Katherine A Young, James R Edgar, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "The homophilic receptor PTPRK selectively dephosphorylates multiple junctional regulators to promote cell-cell adhesion."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Elife (2019)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.7554/eLife.44597"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.44597"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "30924770"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30924770"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 26, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Masashi Matsushita, Yusuke Mori, Kyosuke Uchiumi, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "PTPRK suppresses progression and chemo-resistance of colon cancer cells via direct inhibition of pro-oncogenic CD133."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "FEBS Open Bio (2019)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1002/2211-5463.12636"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/2211-5463.12636"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "30947381"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30947381"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 27, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Monika Świerczewska, Karolina Sterzyńska, Karolina Wojtowicz, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "PTPRK Expression Is Downregulated in Drug Resistant Ovarian Cancer Cell Lines, and Especially in ALDH1A1 Positive CSCs-Like Populations."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Int J Mol Sci (2019)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.3390/ijms20082053"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20082053"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "31027318"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31027318"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 28, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Ling-Shih Chang, Minseong Kim, Andrey Glinka, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "The tumor suppressor PTPRK promotes ZNRF3 internalization and is required for Wnt inhibition in the Spemann organizer."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Elife (2020)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.7554/eLife.51248"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.51248"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "31934854"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31934854"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 29, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Ricardo Jorge Pais "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Simulation of multiple microenvironments shows a pivot role of RPTPs on the control of Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Biosystems (2020)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.biosystems.2020.104268"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystems.2020.104268"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "33068671"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33068671"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 30, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Jae Heon Jeong, Jae Won Yun, Ha Young Kim, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Investigation of cell signalings and therapeutic targets in PTPRK-RSPO3 fusion-positive colorectal cancer."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "PLoS One (2022)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1371/journal.pone.0274555"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0274555"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "36129915"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36129915"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 31, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Iain M Hay, Maria Shamin, Eve R Caroe, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Determinants of receptor tyrosine phosphatase homophilic adhesion: Structural comparison of PTPRK and PTPRM extracellular domains."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Biol Chem (2023)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102750"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102750"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "36436563"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36436563"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 32, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Merlin Nanayakkara, Claudia Bellomo, Francesca Furone, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "PTPRK, an EGFR Phosphatase, Is Decreased in CeD Biopsies and Intestinal Organoids."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cells (2022)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.3390/cells12010115"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/cells12010115"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "36611909"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36611909"}]}]}]}