{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nRAB3B is a member of the Rab family of small GTPases that functions as a master regulator of vesicle trafficking and exocytosis in multiple cellular contexts. In the normal physiological state, RAB3B has been implicated in the regulation of hormone secretion and neurotransmitter release. For example, immunohistochemical investigations in human pituitary adenomas have revealed that RAB3B is involved in modulating pituitary hormone secretion."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In dendritic cells, RAB3B localizes to recycling compartments that facilitate antigen cross‐presentation"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "2"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ", while in dopaminergic neurons, its enrichment in synaptic vesicles supports neurotransmitter uptake and confers neuroprotection in models of Parkinson’s disease."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In human pancreatic islets, upregulation of RAB3B is linked to exocytosis in β‐cells"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "4"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ", and structural studies of the Rab3B:GDP complex have elucidated the molecular basis for its GDP/GTP switching that governs its activity."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "5"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In addition, activation of RAB3B at Weibel–Palade bodies is critical for the regulated release of von Willebrand factor from endothelial cells."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "6"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nAberrant RAB3B expression has been associated with several pathological conditions, including various cancers and organ dysfunction. Elevated levels of RAB3B have been detected in urinary exosomes of prostate cancer patients, highlighting its potential as a non‐invasive diagnostic biomarker."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "7"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In studies of cancer stem‐like cells, RAB3B has emerged as a candidate gene contributing to chemoresistance and metastasis"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "8"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ", whereas in diabetic kidney disease, an upregulated long noncoding RNA promotes podocyte injury through a PTBP1‐dependent degradation of RAB3B mRNA."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "9"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In cervical cancer, a circRNA/miRNA axis has been shown to upregulate RAB3B expression, thereby enhancing cell proliferation"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "10"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ", and pan‐cancer analyses have further implicated increased RAB3B expression as an independent predictor of prognosis and tumor heterogeneity."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "11"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Finally, studies in lung adenocarcinoma have underscored the importance of related signaling pathways (such as those involving LKB1), although the direct roles of RAB3B in these contexts remain to be fully elucidated."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "12"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Fabio Rotondo, Bernd W Scheithauer, Kalman Kovacs, et al. 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