{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nRAD51AP1 is a critical accessory factor in homologous recombination (HR) that physically associates with the recombinases RAD51 and DMC1, thereby stimulating the formation of displacement loops (D loops) and facilitating the assembly of synaptic complexes. Its intrinsic ability to bind double‐stranded DNA, branched DNA intermediates, and even nucleosome core particles enables RAD51AP1 to promote the strand‐exchange reaction in both mitotic and meiotic repair. Detailed mapping of its structure has revealed distinct DNA binding domains that are essential for its cooperative interactions with RAD51 and, via a conserved WVPP motif, with DMC1. Additional studies indicate that RAD51AP1 associates with pre‑rRNA, a feature that likely underlies its formation of dynamic repair foci through liquid–liquid phase separation, thereby ensuring an efficient search for homologous donor DNA even in the chromatin context."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "8"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nBeyond orchestrating the core strand‐exchange reaction, RAD51AP1 plays an essential role in maintaining genomic stability. Functional investigations in cancer cells reveal that RAD51AP1 is vital for alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT); its disruption in ALT‑positive cancer cells results in telomere shortening, telomere dysfunction and the generation of cytosolic telomeric DNA fragments. Moreover, depletion of RAD51AP1 leads to replication stress characterized by slowed replication fork progression, persistent RAD51 foci, and a heightened sensitivity to DNA‐damaging agents, thereby underscoring its importance in preserving proper DNA replication and repair."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "9"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nIn addition to its direct roles in DNA repair, aberrant expression of RAD51AP1 has been implicated in tumor progression across several cancer types. Overexpression of RAD51AP1 in ovarian, lung, colorectal, and pancreatic cancers is associated with enhanced cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis, as well as with poorer clinical outcomes. In these settings, RAD51AP1 modulates oncogenic signaling pathways—including PI3K/AKT/NF‑κB and TGF‑β/Smad—and is subject to regulation by factors such as the USP1‑UAF1 complex and transcriptional control via microRNA networks. These observations not only highlight its multifaceted role in both genome maintenance and cancer biology but also suggest that RAD51AP1 may serve as a promising diagnostic biomarker and potential therapeutic target."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "11", "end_ref": "18"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Eloïse Dray, Julia Etchin, Claudia Wiese, et al. 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