RAD51B Gene

Name	RAD51 paralog B
Description	The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the RAD51 protein family. RAD51 family members are evolutionarily conserved proteins essential for DNA repair by homologous recombination. This protein has been shown to form a stable heterodimer with the family member RAD51C, which further interacts with the other family members, such as RAD51, XRCC2, and XRCC3. Overexpression of this gene was found to cause cell cycle G1 delay and cell apoptosis, which suggested a role of this protein in sensing DNA damage. Rearrangements between this locus and high mobility group AT-hook 2 (HMGA2, GeneID 8091) have been observed in uterine leiomyomata. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2016]
Summary	{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nRAD51B is a key paralog of the central recombinase RAD51 that plays an essential role in homologous recombination–mediated DNA double‐strand break repair. It forms a stable heterodimer with RAD51C and participates in larger multiprotein complexes with other RAD51 paralogs, thereby contributing to the stabilization of RAD51 nucleoprotein filaments and efficient DNA repair. Biochemical studies have shown that RAD51B, together with RAD51C, binds both single‐ and double‐stranded DNA with a preference for DNA structures that mimic recombination intermediates such as synthetic Holliday junctions, an activity that underscores its specialized function in recognizing and processing key repair intermediates."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "5"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nBeyond its core role in DNA repair, RAD51B contributes to the regulation of RAD51 filament dynamics and the effective execution of homologous recombination. Accessory proteins, such as EVL, have been shown to interact with RAD51B to stimulate RAD51-mediated pairing and strand exchange, while the RAD51B–RAD51C complex has been demonstrated to protect and stabilize recombination intermediates against disruptive helicase activity. In the clinical arena, genetic variants in RAD51B have been associated with increased susceptibility to various cancers—including male breast cancer and melanoma—and inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, highlighting its importance in genome stability and tumor suppression."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "6", "end_ref": "10"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nRecent studies have further expanded our understanding of RAD51B’s role, revealing its participation in replication fork remodeling under stress conditions as part of the BCDX2 complex, where it helps orchestrate the nucleation and extension of RAD51 filaments. Advanced structural analyses using cryo–electron microscopy have uncovered the dynamic positioning of RAD51B within these complexes and illustrated how alterations in its structure can disrupt its mediator activity, ultimately impairing DNA repair. These insights underscore the multifaceted contribution of RAD51B to both the repair of DNA damage and the prevention of genomic instability—a function that is critical for tumor avoidance."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "11", "end_ref": "13"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Kristi A Miller, Daniel M Yoshikawa, Ian R McConnell, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "RAD51C interacts with RAD51B and is central to a larger protein complex in vivo exclusive of RAD51."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Biol Chem (2002)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1074/jbc.M108306200"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M108306200"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "11744692"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11744692"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Yi-Ching Lio, Alexander V Mazin, Stephen C Kowalczykowski, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Complex formation by the human Rad51B and Rad51C DNA repair proteins and their activities in vitro."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Biol Chem (2003)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1074/jbc.M211038200"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M211038200"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "12427746"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12427746"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Hiroshi Yokoyama, Hitoshi Kurumizaka, Shukuko Ikawa, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Holliday junction binding activity of the human Rad51B protein."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Biol Chem (2003)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1074/jbc.M210899200"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M210899200"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "12441335"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12441335"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Kristi A Miller, Dorota Sawicka, Daniel Barsky, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Domain mapping of the Rad51 paralog protein complexes."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nucleic Acids Res (2004)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1093/nar/gkg925"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkg925"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "14704354"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14704354"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 5, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Kristi A Miller, John M Hinz, N Alice Yamada, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nuclear localization of Rad51B is independent of Rad51C and BRCA2."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mutagenesis (2005)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1093/mutage/gei011"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1093/mutage/gei011"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "15701685"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15701685"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 6, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Motoki Takaku, Shinichi Machida, Noriko Hosoya, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Recombination activator function of the novel RAD51- and RAD51B-binding protein, human EVL."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Biol Chem (2009)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1074/jbc.M807715200"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M807715200"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "19329439"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19329439"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 7, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nick Orr, Alina Lemnrau, Rosie Cooke, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Genome-wide association study identifies a common variant in RAD51B associated with male breast cancer risk."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nat Genet (2012)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/ng.2417"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/ng.2417"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "23001122"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23001122"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 8, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Ravindra Amunugama, Joanna Groden, Richard Fishel "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "The HsRAD51B-HsRAD51C stabilizes the HsRAD51 nucleoprotein filament."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "DNA Repair (Amst) (2013)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.dnarep.2013.05.005"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dnarep.2013.05.005"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "23810717"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23810717"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 9, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Karin A W Wadt, Lauren G Aoude, Lisa Golmard, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Germline RAD51B truncating mutation in a family with cutaneous melanoma."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Fam Cancer (2015)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1007/s10689-015-9781-4"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10689-015-9781-4"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "25600502"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25600502"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 10, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Dong Hang, Wen Zhou, Meiqun Jia, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Genetic variants within microRNA-binding site of RAD51B are associated with risk of cervical cancer in Chinese women."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cancer Med (2016)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1002/cam4.797"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/cam4.797"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "27334422"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27334422"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 11, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Matteo Berti, Federico Teloni, Sofija Mijic, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Sequential role of RAD51 paralog complexes in replication fork remodeling and restart."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nat Commun (2020)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/s41467-020-17324-z"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-17324-z"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "32669601"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32669601"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 12, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Luke A Greenhough, Chih-Chao Liang, Ondrej Belan, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Structure and function of the RAD51B-RAD51C-RAD51D-XRCC2 tumour suppressor."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nature (2023)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/s41586-023-06179-1"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-023-06179-1"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "37344587"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37344587"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 13, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Yashpal Rawal, Lijia Jia, Aviv Meir, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Structural insights into BCDX2 complex function in homologous recombination."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nature (2023)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/s41586-023-06219-w"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-023-06219-w"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "37344589"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37344589"}]}]}]}
Synonyms	RAD51L1, REC2, R51H2
Proteins	RA51B_HUMAN
NCBI Gene ID	5890
API
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Predicted Functions
Co-expressed Genes
Expression in Tissues and Cell Lines

Functional Associations

RAD51B has 14,119 functional associations with biological entities spanning 8 categories (molecular profile, organism, chemical, disease, phenotype or trait, functional term, phrase or reference, structural feature, cell line, cell type or tissue, gene, protein or microRNA) extracted from 118 datasets.

Click the + buttons to view associations for RAD51B from the datasets below.

If available, associations are ranked by standardized value

Harmonizome 3.0

RAD51B Gene

Functional Associations

Please acknowledge the Harmonizome in your publications by citing the following reference(s):

	Dataset	Summary
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of RAD51B gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of RAD51B gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles	tissue samples with high or low expression of RAD51B gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray	tissue samples with high or low expression of RAD51B gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq	tissue samples with high or low expression of RAD51B gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of RAD51B gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of RAD51B gene relative to other cell lines from the BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of RAD51B gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of RAD51B gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Carcinogenome Chemical Perturbation Carcinogenicity Signatures	small molecule perturbations changing expression of RAD51B gene from the Carcinogenome Chemical Perturbation Carcinogenicity Signatures dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of RAD51B gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of RAD51B gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles	cell lines with RAD51B gene mutations from the CCLE Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of RAD51B gene from the CHEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of RAD51B gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022	transcription factors binding the promoter of RAD51B gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022 dataset.
	ClinVar Gene-Phenotype Associations 2025	phenotypes associated with RAD51B gene from the curated ClinVar Gene-Phenotype Associations 2025 dataset.
	CM4AI KOLF21J CRISPRi Gene Perturbation Atlas	gene perturbations changing expression of RAD51B gene from the CM4AI KOLF21J CRISPRi Gene Perturbation Atlas dataset.
	CM4AI U2OS Cell Map Protein Localization Assemblies	assemblies containing RAD51B protein from integrated AP-MS and IF data from the CM4AI U2OS Cell Map Protein Localization Assemblies dataset.
	CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules	small molecule perturbations changing expression of RAD51B gene from the CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components containing RAD51B protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components containing RAD51B protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components containing RAD51B protein in low- or high-throughput protein localization assays from the COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components co-occuring with RAD51B protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components co-occuring with RAD51B protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	CORUM Protein Complexes	protein complexs containing RAD51B protein from the CORUM Protein Complexes dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of RAD51B gene relative to other cell lines from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles	cell lines with RAD51B gene mutations from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles dataset.
	CTD Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with RAD51B gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	dbGAP Gene-Trait Associations	traits associated with RAD51B gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the dbGAP Gene-Trait Associations dataset.
	DeepCoverMOA Drug Mechanisms of Action	small molecule perturbations with high or low expression of RAD51B protein relative to other small molecule perturbations from the DeepCoverMOA Drug Mechanisms of Action dataset.
	DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency	cell lines with fitness changed by RAD51B gene knockdown relative to other cell lines from the DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency dataset.
	DGIdb Drug Targets 2026	interacting drugs for RAD51B protein from the DGIdb Drug Targets 2026 dataset.
	DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores	diseases associated with RAD51B gene in GWAS datasets from the DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset.
	DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases associated with RAD51B gene in GWAS datasets from the DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores	diseases co-occuring with RAD51B gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases co-occuring with RAD51B gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with RAD51B gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Phenotype Associations	phenotypes associated with RAD51B gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Phenoptype Associations dataset.
	ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles	histone modification site profiles with high histone modification abundance at RAD51B gene from the ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles dataset.