{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nRASSF10 is emerging as a novel tumor suppressor gene that is frequently silenced in a wide spectrum of human cancers through the epigenetic mechanism of promoter hypermethylation. Numerous independent studies have demonstrated that expression of RASSF10 is lost or markedly reduced in malignancies including pediatric acute lymphocytic leukemia, thyroid carcinoma, melanoma, gastric cancer, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, renal cancer and others. This inactivation has been linked to aggressive tumor behavior, increased invasion and metastasis, as well as poor clinical outcomes, underscoring its potential importance in cancer initiation and progression."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "16"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nMechanistic investigations have revealed that re‐expression of RASSF10 in cancer cell models robustly suppresses cellular proliferation, colony formation, migration and invasion, while inducing G2/M phase arrest and apoptosis. These studies indicate that RASSF10 exerts its tumor‐suppressive function via multiple pathways. For instance, RASSF10 can activate p53 signaling and, in parallel, inhibit the Wnt/β‐catenin cascade through binding to receptors such as LRP6. In addition, RASSF10 has been shown to cooperate with glutathione S-transferase Pi 1 (GSTP1) to disrupt the JNK/c-Jun/AP-1 pathway, as well as to interact with nucleophosmin (NPM) and modulate the formation of the Cdk1/cyclin-B complex, leading to mitotic arrest."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "17", "end_ref": "20"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nFurthermore, the methylation status of the RASSF10 promoter shows considerable promise as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker. Elevated methylation levels in patient serum or tumor tissues correlate with features of advanced disease such as larger tumor size, lymph node metastasis, higher recurrence rates, and reduced overall survival. These findings have been reported in settings including gastric and hepatocellular carcinomas as well as minimal residual disease monitoring in acute lymphoblastic leukemia."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "21"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Luke B Hesson, Thomas L Dunwell, Wendy N Cooper, et al. 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