{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nRBM5 is a multifunctional RNA‐binding protein that plays a central role in tumor suppression by modulating the alternative splicing of key apoptosis‐ and cell cycle–regulatory pre‐mRNAs. Early studies established that the LUCA-15/RBM5 gene, which maps to the frequently deleted 3p21.3 tumor suppressor region, is capable of inducing cell cycle arrest and promoting apoptosis via modulating the splicing of genes such as caspase‐2 and Fas receptor; these activities are essential for lowering the apoptotic threshold in transformed cells and mediating p53‐dependent growth inhibition."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "8"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nAt the mechanistic level, RBM5 functions as a splicing regulator by specifically associating with cis-acting sequences and components of the spliceosome. It interacts with elements such as the U4/U5/U6 tri-snRNP and the RNA helicase DHX15 to modulate splice site pairing and the assembly of mature spliceosomes. Its activity is further tuned by post-transcriptional regulatory circuits – for example, an antisense non-coding RNA (LUST) derived from the RBM5 locus influences the balance of splice variants, and RBM5 itself is subject to autoregulation and cross-regulation (notably by its paralog RBM10). Structural studies of its RNA recognition motifs and zinc finger domains have revealed critical determinants for its sequence-specific RNA binding, while reversible phosphorylation appears to modulate its function in apoptosis and tumor suppression."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "9", "end_ref": "19"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nClinically, reduced RBM5 expression or functional inactivation has been implicated in the development and progression of multiple human malignancies—including lung, breast, prostate, bladder, gastric cancers, as well as gliomas and medulloblastoma—and is associated with chemoresistance (for example, to cisplatin), metastatic dissemination, and even male infertility. In addition, environmental insults such as cigarette smoke can downregulate RBM5 expression and perturb its regulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, thereby contributing to the transformation of epithelial cells. Finally, RBM5 has emerged as a target for pathogenic effectors, as exemplified by the bacterial nucleomodulin InlP from Listeria monocytogenes, which can bind RBM5 and inhibit its proapoptotic functions."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "20", "end_ref": "32"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mirna Mourtada-Maarabouni, Leslie C Sutherland, Janet M Meredith, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Simultaneous acceleration of the cell cycle and suppression of apoptosis by splice variant delta-6 of the candidate tumour suppressor LUCA-15/RBM5."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Genes Cells (2003)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1046/j.1365-2443.2003.00619.x"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2443.2003.00619.x"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "12581154"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12581154"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "N D Rintala-Maki, L C Sutherland "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "LUCA-15/RBM5, a putative tumour suppressor, enhances multiple receptor-initiated death signals."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Apoptosis (2004)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1023/B:APPT.0000031455.79352.57"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1023/B:APPT.0000031455.79352.57"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "15192330"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15192330"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mirna Mourtada-Maarabouni, Jennifer Keen, Jeremy Clark, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Candidate tumor suppressor LUCA-15/RBM5/H37 modulates expression of apoptosis and cell cycle genes."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Exp Cell Res (2006)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.yexcr.2006.02.009"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yexcr.2006.02.009"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "16546166"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16546166"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Juliana J Oh, Ali Razfar, Idolina Delgado, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "3p21.3 tumor suppressor gene H37/Luca15/RBM5 inhibits growth of human lung cancer cells through cell cycle arrest and apoptosis."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cancer Res (2006)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-05-1667"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-05-1667"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "16585163"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16585163"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 5, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Yanjun Shu, Nina D Rintala-Maki, Vanessa E Wall, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "The apoptosis modulator and tumour suppressor protein RBM5 is a phosphoprotein."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cell Biochem Funct (2007)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1002/cbf.1366"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/cbf.1366"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "16927403"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16927403"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 6, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Juliana J Oh, Baher N Boctor, Cynthia A Jimenez, et al. 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