{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nA review of the provided abstracts shows an extensive body of work on bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and transforming growth factor–β (TGFβ) signaling, with many reports detailing the key roles of receptor‐regulated SMAD proteins—especially Smad1—in mediating these pathways. Collectively, the studies describe how Smad1 functions as a central transcriptional mediator in diverse cellular processes including chondrogenesis, osteoblast and adipocyte differentiation, cardiac and neural development, angiogenesis, and even tumorigenesis. Signaling cross-talk with other pathways (e.g., PI3K–GSK3, MAPK, Notch, and even microRNA networks) provides an additional level of regulation that fine‐tunes cellular responses and fate decisions under both normal and pathological conditions."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "46"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nNotably, however, none of the abstracts in this collection mention or provide data regarding RFC3. RFC3 (Replication Factor C subunit 3) is typically known for its role in DNA replication, repair, and cell cycle regulation, but the studies presented here focus instead on the dynamics and downstream consequences of BMP/TGFβ–Smad signaling. Consequently, while a wealth of information is available on Smad1 and its interactions in various developmental and disease contexts, the function of RFC3 remains unaddressed by these reports.\n"}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Miyuki Suzawa, Yasuhiro Tamura, Seiji Fukumoto, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Stimulation of Smad1 transcriptional activity by Ras-extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway: a possible mechanism for collagen-dependent osteoblastic differentiation."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Bone Miner Res (2002)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1359/jbmr.2002.17.2.240"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1359/jbmr.2002.17.2.240"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "11811554"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11811554"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Ulrich Valcourt, Jérôme Gouttenoire, Aristidis Moustakas, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Functions of transforming growth factor-beta family type I receptors and Smad proteins in the hypertrophic maturation and osteoblastic differentiation of chondrocytes."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Biol Chem (2002)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1074/jbc.M202086200"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M202086200"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "12082094"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12082094"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Katsuhiko Hayashi, Takashi Kobayashi, Takashi Umino, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "SMAD1 signaling is critical for initial commitment of germ cell lineage from mouse epiblast."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mech Dev (2002)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/s0925-4773(02)00237-x"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0925-4773(02"}, {"type": "t", "text": "00237-x) PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "12351174"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12351174"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Kenji Hata, Riko Nishimura, Fumiyo Ikeda, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Differential roles of Smad1 and p38 kinase in regulation of peroxisome proliferator-activating receptor gamma during bone morphogenetic protein 2-induced adipogenesis."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mol Biol Cell (2003)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1091/mbc.e02-06-0356"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e02-06-0356"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "12589053"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12589053"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 5, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Hong Shen, Guojiang Huang, Mohammed Hadi, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Transforming growth factor-beta1 downregulation of Smad1 gene expression in rat hepatic stellate cells."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol (2003)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1152/ajpgi.00436.2002"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00436.2002"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "12791600"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12791600"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 6, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Carl O Brown, Xuan Chi, Eduardo Garcia-Gras, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "The cardiac determination factor, Nkx2-5, is activated by mutual cofactors GATA-4 and Smad1/4 via a novel upstream enhancer."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Biol Chem (2004)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1074/jbc.M301648200"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M301648200"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "14662776"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14662776"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 7, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Ming Chang Hu, David Wasserman, Sunny Hartwig, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "p38MAPK acts in the BMP7-dependent stimulatory pathway during epithelial cell morphogenesis and is regulated by Smad1."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Biol Chem (2004)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1074/jbc.M310526200"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M310526200"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "14718543"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14718543"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 8, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Hideharu Abe, Takeshi Matsubara, Noriyuki Iehara, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Type IV collagen is transcriptionally regulated by Smad1 under advanced glycation end product (AGE) stimulation."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Biol Chem (2004)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1074/jbc.M310427200"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M310427200"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "14732718"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14732718"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 9, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Joan Seoane, Hong-Van Le, Lijian Shen, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Integration of Smad and forkhead pathways in the control of neuroepithelial and glioblastoma cell proliferation."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cell (2004)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/s0092-8674(04)00298-3"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0092-8674(04"}, {"type": "t", "text": "00298-3) PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "15084259"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15084259"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 10, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Josée Aubin, Alice Davy, Philippe Soriano "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "In vivo convergence of BMP and MAPK signaling pathways: impact of differential Smad1 phosphorylation on development and homeostasis."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Genes Dev (2004)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1101/gad.1202604"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1101/gad.1202604"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "15198985"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15198985"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 11, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Ming Chang Hu, Norman D Rosenblum "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Smad1, beta-catenin and Tcf4 associate in a molecular complex with the Myc promoter in dysplastic renal tissue and cooperate to control Myc transcription."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Development (2005)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1242/dev.01573"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1242/dev.01573"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "15576399"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15576399"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 12, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Zhongyu Liu, Yi Tang, Tao Qiu, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "A dishevelled-1/Smad1 interaction couples WNT and bone morphogenetic protein signaling pathways in uncommitted bone marrow stromal cells."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Biol Chem (2006)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1074/jbc.M513812200"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M513812200"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "16621789"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16621789"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 13, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Sebastian J Arnold, Silvia Maretto, Ayesha Islam, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Dose-dependent Smad1, Smad5 and Smad8 signaling in the early mouse embryo."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Dev Biol (2006)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.ydbio.2006.04.442"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ydbio.2006.04.442"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "16765933"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16765933"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 14, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Atsushi Suzuki, Ángel Raya, Yasuhiko Kawakami, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nanog binds to Smad1 and blocks bone morphogenetic protein-induced differentiation of embryonic stem cells."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2006)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1073/pnas.0506945103"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0506945103"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "16801560"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16801560"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 15, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Owen W J Prall, Mary K Menon, Mark J Solloway, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "An Nkx2-5/Bmp2/Smad1 negative feedback loop controls heart progenitor specification and proliferation."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cell (2007)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.cell.2007.01.042"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2007.01.042"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "17350578"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17350578"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 16, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Byung-Hoon Lee, Wei Chen, Steve Stippec, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Biological cross-talk between WNK1 and the transforming growth factor beta-Smad signaling pathway."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Biol Chem (2007)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1074/jbc.M702664200"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M702664200"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "17392271"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17392271"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 17, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Shinji Fukuda, Masahiko Abematsu, Hiroyuki Mori, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Potentiation of astrogliogenesis by STAT3-mediated activation of bone morphogenetic protein-Smad signaling in neural stem cells."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mol Cell Biol (2007)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1128/MCB.02435-06"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1128/MCB.02435-06"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "17452461"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17452461"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 18, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Michihiko Usui, Lianping Xing, Hicham Drissi, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Murine and chicken chondrocytes regulate osteoclastogenesis by producing RANKL in response to BMP2."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Bone Miner Res (2008)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1359/jbmr.071025"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1359/jbmr.071025"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "17967138"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17967138"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 19, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Stephanie A Pangas, Xiaohui Li, Lieve Umans, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Conditional deletion of Smad1 and Smad5 in somatic cells of male and female gonads leads to metastatic tumor development in mice."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mol Cell Biol (2008)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1128/MCB.01404-07"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1128/MCB.01404-07"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "17967875"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17967875"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 20, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Catherine Itman, Kate Lakoski Loveland "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "SMAD expression in the testis: an insight into BMP regulation of spermatogenesis."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Dev Dyn (2008)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1002/dvdy.21401"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/dvdy.21401"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "18069690"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18069690"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 21, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Akira Mima, Hidenori Arai, Takeshi Matsubara, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Urinary Smad1 is a novel marker to predict later onset of mesangial matrix expansion in diabetic nephropathy."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Diabetes (2008)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.2337/db07-1726"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.2337/db07-1726"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "18285555"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18285555"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 22, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Ruolin Guo, Motozo Yamashita, Qian Zhang, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Ubiquitin ligase Smurf1 mediates tumor necrosis factor-induced systemic bone loss by promoting proteasomal degradation of bone morphogenetic signaling proteins."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Biol Chem (2008)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1074/jbc.M709848200"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M709848200"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "18567580"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18567580"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 23, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Toru Fukuda, Masakazu Kohda, Kazuhiro Kanomata, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Constitutively activated ALK2 and increased SMAD1/5 cooperatively induce bone morphogenetic protein signaling in fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Biol Chem (2009)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1074/jbc.M801681200"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M801681200"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "18684712"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18684712"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 24, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nam Y Lee, Bridgette Ray, Tam How, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Endoglin promotes transforming growth factor beta-mediated Smad 1/5/8 signaling and inhibits endothelial cell migration through its association with GIPC."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Biol Chem (2008)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1074/jbc.M803059200"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M803059200"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "18775991"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18775991"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 25, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Milena B Furtado, Mark J Solloway, Vanessa J Jones, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "BMP/SMAD1 signaling sets a threshold for the left/right pathway in lateral plate mesoderm and limits availability of SMAD4."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Genes Dev (2008)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1101/gad.1682108"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1101/gad.1682108"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "18981480"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18981480"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 26, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Irwin M Liu, Stephen H Schilling, Kristin A Knouse, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "TGFbeta-stimulated Smad1/5 phosphorylation requires the ALK5 L45 loop and mediates the pro-migratory TGFbeta switch."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "EMBO J (2009)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/emboj.2008.266"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/emboj.2008.266"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "19096363"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19096363"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 27, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Katharine H Wrighton, Xia Lin, Paul B Yu, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Transforming Growth Factor {beta} Can Stimulate Smad1 Phosphorylation Independently of Bone Morphogenic Protein Receptors."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Biol Chem (2009)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1074/jbc.M809223200"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M809223200"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "19224917"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19224917"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 28, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Kelsey N Retting, Buer Song, Byeong S Yoon, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "BMP canonical Smad signaling through Smad1 and Smad5 is required for endochondral bone formation."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Development (2009)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1242/dev.029926"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1242/dev.029926"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "19224984"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19224984"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 29, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Edward A Lin, Li Kong, Xiao-Hui Bai, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "miR-199a, a bone morphogenic protein 2-responsive MicroRNA, regulates chondrogenesis via direct targeting to Smad1."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Biol Chem (2009)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1074/jbc.M807709200"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M807709200"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "19251704"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19251704"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 30, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Reena Singh, Thomas Horsthuis, Henner F Farin, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Tbx20 interacts with smads to confine tbx2 expression to the atrioventricular canal."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Circ Res (2009)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.109.196063"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.109.196063"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "19661464"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19661464"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 31, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Bridgette N Ray, Nam Y Lee, Tam How, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "ALK5 phosphorylation of the endoglin cytoplasmic domain regulates Smad1/5/8 signaling and endothelial cell migration."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Carcinogenesis (2010)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1093/carcin/bgp327"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1093/carcin/bgp327"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "20042635"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20042635"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 32, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nengyin Sheng, Zhihui Xie, Chen Wang, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Retinoic acid regulates bone morphogenic protein signal duration by promoting the degradation of phosphorylated Smad1."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2010)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1073/pnas.1009244107"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1009244107"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "20956305"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20956305"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 33, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Pranav Parikh, Yuhan Hao, Mohsen Hosseinkhani, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Regeneration of axons in injured spinal cord by activation of bone morphogenetic protein/Smad1 signaling pathway in adult neurons."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2011)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1073/pnas.1100426108"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1100426108"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "21518886"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21518886"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 34, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Atsushi Kaneda, Takanori Fujita, Motonobu Anai, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Activation of Bmp2-Smad1 signal and its regulation by coordinated alteration of H3K27 trimethylation in Ras-induced senescence."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "PLoS Genet (2011)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1371/journal.pgen.1002359"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1002359"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "22072987"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22072987"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 35, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Iván M Moya, Lieve Umans, Elke Maas, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Stalk cell phenotype depends on integration of Notch and Smad1/5 signaling cascades."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Dev Cell (2012)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.devcel.2012.01.007"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.devcel.2012.01.007"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "22364862"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22364862"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 36, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Chao Yuan, Jianni Qi, Xueying Zhao, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Smurf1 protein negatively regulates interferon-γ signaling through promoting STAT1 protein ubiquitination and degradation."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Biol Chem (2012)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1074/jbc.M112.341198"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M112.341198"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "22474288"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22474288"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 37, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": " Saijilafu, Eun-Mi Hur, Chang-Mei Liu, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "PI3K-GSK3 signalling regulates mammalian axon regeneration by inducing the expression of Smad1."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nat Commun (2013)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/ncomms3690"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms3690"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "24162165"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24162165"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 38, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Julian T Schwartze, Simone Becker, Elpidoforos Sakkas, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Glucocorticoids recruit Tgfbr3 and Smad1 to shift transforming growth factor-β signaling from the Tgfbr1/Smad2/3 axis to the Acvrl1/Smad1 axis in lung fibroblasts."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Biol Chem (2014)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1074/jbc.M113.541052"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M113.541052"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "24347165"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24347165"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 39, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Katsuhiko Amano, Michael Densmore, Riko Nishimura, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Indian hedgehog signaling regulates transcription and expression of collagen type X via Runx2/Smads interactions."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Biol Chem (2014)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1074/jbc.M114.570507"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M114.570507"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "25028519"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25028519"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 40, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Anna Li, Xuechun Xia, James Yeh, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "PDGF-AA promotes osteogenic differentiation and migration of mesenchymal stem cell by down-regulating PDGFRα and derepressing BMP-Smad1/5/8 signaling."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "PLoS One (2014)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1371/journal.pone.0113785"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0113785"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "25470749"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25470749"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 41, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J-J Jiang, C-M Liu, B-Y Zhang, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "MicroRNA-26a supports mammalian axon regeneration in vivo by suppressing GSK3β expression."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cell Death Dis (2015)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/cddis.2015.239"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/cddis.2015.239"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "26313916"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26313916"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 42, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Masato Morikawa, Daizo Koinuma, Anna Mizutani, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "BMP Sustains Embryonic Stem Cell Self-Renewal through Distinct Functions of Different Krüppel-like Factors."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Stem Cell Reports (2016)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.stemcr.2015.12.004"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stemcr.2015.12.004"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "26771354"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26771354"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 43, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Basak Icli, Christoph S Nabzdyk, Jorge Lujan-Hernandez, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Regulation of impaired angiogenesis in diabetic dermal wound healing by microRNA-26a."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Mol Cell Cardiol (2016)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.yjmcc.2016.01.007"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yjmcc.2016.01.007"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "26776318"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26776318"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 44, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Zhihui Huang, Dong Sun, Jin-Xia Hu, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Neogenin Promotes BMP2 Activation of YAP and Smad1 and Enhances Astrocytic Differentiation in Developing Mouse Neocortex."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Neurosci (2016)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4487-15.2016"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4487-15.2016"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "27225772"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27225772"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 45, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Zhihui Huang, Jinxia Hu, Jinxiu Pan, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "YAP stabilizes SMAD1 and promotes BMP2-induced neocortical astrocytic differentiation."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Development (2016)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1242/dev.130658"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1242/dev.130658"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "27381227"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27381227"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 46, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Chia-Yu Wang, Amanda B Core, Susanna Canali, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Smad1/5 is required for erythropoietin-mediated suppression of hepcidin in mice."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Blood (2017)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1182/blood-2016-12-759423"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2016-12-759423"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "28438754"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28438754"}]}]}]}