RHOT2 Gene

HGNC Family	Ras small GTPases superfamily, EF-hand domain containing
Name	ras homolog family member T2
Description	This gene encodes a member of the Rho family of GTPases. The encoded protein is localized to the outer mitochondrial membrane and plays a role in mitochondrial trafficking and fusion-fission dynamics. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2011]
Summary	{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nRHOT2 (also known as Miro2) is a mitochondrial outer membrane protein that plays a critical role in regulating mitochondrial dynamics. Acting as a calcium-sensitive adaptor, RHOT2 links mitochondria to microtubule‐based motor complexes to control their trafficking and distribution. Its activity is central to diverse cellular events, from PINK1/Parkin-mediated arrest of mitochondrial movement in response to damage to Ca2⁺-dependent modulation of motility and morphology. In several studies, overexpression or mutation of RHOT2 was shown to promote mitochondrial aggregation and alter fusion–fission dynamics, highlighting its function as a bifunctional regulator in maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis and quality control."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "4"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nRHOT2 additionally orchestrates mitochondrial positioning during vital cellular processes including cell division. By directly interacting with adaptor proteins such as Cenp-F and Myo19, it ensures proper redistribution of mitochondria to daughter cells during cytokinesis and coordinates both microtubule and actin-dependent movements. Furthermore, regulation of the protein’s post-translational modification—exemplified by its role as a substrate for Parkin-mediated ubiquitination—illustrates its capacity to integrate mitochondrial transport with quality control pathways. These cellular mechanisms underscore RHOT2’s contribution to precise mitochondrial localization and turnover."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "5", "end_ref": "8"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nAt the molecular level, RHOT2 possesses atypical GTPase domains—both its N-terminal and C-terminal regions contribute to its catalytic activity through non-canonical hydrolytic mechanisms. Structural and biochemical analyses reveal that this dual-domain configuration underlies the protein’s substrate promiscuity and functional versatility. Beyond its classical roles in mitochondrial motility, epigenetic modifications in the RHOT2 gene have been associated with aging, and aberrant mRNA levels correlate with aggressive cancer phenotypes, as seen in metastatic prostate cancer, although large-scale genetic studies do not support RHOT2 as a direct risk factor for Parkinson’s disease. Collectively, these findings position RHOT2 as a central integrator of mitochondrial transport, signaling and quality control in both physiological and pathological contexts."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "9", "end_ref": "13"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Xinnan Wang, Dominic Winter, Ghazaleh Ashrafi, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "PINK1 and Parkin target Miro for phosphorylation and degradation to arrest mitochondrial motility."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cell (2011)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.cell.2011.10.018"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2011.10.018"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "22078885"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22078885"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Masao Saotome, Dzhamilja Safiulina, György Szabadkai, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Bidirectional Ca2+-dependent control of mitochondrial dynamics by the Miro GTPase."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2008)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1073/pnas.0808953105"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0808953105"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "19098100"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19098100"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Sa Fransson, Aino Ruusala, Pontus Aspenström "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "The atypical Rho GTPases Miro-1 and Miro-2 have essential roles in mitochondrial trafficking."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Biochem Biophys Res Commun (2006)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.03.163"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.03.163"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "16630562"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16630562"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nicol Birsa, Rosalind Norkett, Nathalie Higgs, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mitochondrial trafficking in neurons and the role of the Miro family of GTPase proteins."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Biochem Soc Trans (2013)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1042/BST20130234"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1042/BST20130234"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "24256248"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24256248"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 5, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Gil Kanfer, Thibault Courthéoux, Martin Peterka, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mitotic redistribution of the mitochondrial network by Miro and Cenp-F."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nat Commun (2015)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/ncomms9015"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms9015"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "26259702"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26259702"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 6, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Stefanie J Oeding, Katarzyna Majstrowicz, Xiao-Ping Hu, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Identification of Miro1 and Miro2 as mitochondrial receptors for myosin XIX."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Cell Sci (2018)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1242/jcs.219469"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1242/jcs.219469"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "30111583"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30111583"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 7, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Julian L Klosowiak, Sungjin Park, Kyle P Smith, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Structural insights into Parkin substrate lysine targeting from minimal Miro substrates."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Sci Rep (2016)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/srep33019"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/srep33019"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "27605430"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27605430"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 8, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Laurence Walch, Emilie Pellier, Weihua Leng, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "GBF1 and Arf1 interact with Miro and regulate mitochondrial positioning within cells."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Sci Rep (2018)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/s41598-018-35190-0"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-35190-0"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "30459446"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30459446"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 9, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Kyle P Smith, Pamela J Focia, Srinivas Chakravarthy, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Insight into human Miro1/2 domain organization based on the structure of its N-terminal GTPase."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Struct Biol (2020)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.jsb.2020.107656"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsb.2020.107656"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "33132189"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33132189"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 10, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Daniel T Peters, Laura Kay, Jeyanthy Eswaran, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Human Miro Proteins Act as NTP Hydrolases through a Novel, Non-Canonical Catalytic Mechanism."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Int J Mol Sci (2018)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.3390/ijms19123839"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19123839"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "30513825"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30513825"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 11, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Patrizia D'Aquila, Alberto Montesanto, Francesco De Rango, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Epigenetic signature: implications for mitochondrial quality control in human aging."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Aging (Albany NY) (2019)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.18632/aging.101832"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.101832"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "30787202"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30787202"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 12, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Madison Furnish, Dillon P Boulton, Victoria Genther, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "MIRO2 Regulates Prostate Cancer Cell Growth via GCN1-Dependent Stress Signaling."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mol Cancer Res (2022)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1158/1541-7786.MCR-21-0374"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1158/1541-7786.MCR-21-0374"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "34992146"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34992146"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 13, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "María Teresa Periñán, Pilar Gómez-Garre, Cornelis Blauwendraat, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "The role of RHOT1 and RHOT2 genetic variation on Parkinson disease risk and onset."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Neurobiol Aging (2021)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2020.07.003"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2020.07.003"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "32948353"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32948353"}]}]}]}
Synonyms	MIRO-2, MIRO2, ARHT2, RASL, C16ORF39
Proteins	MIRO2_HUMAN
NCBI Gene ID	89941
API
Download Associations
Predicted Functions
Co-expressed Genes
Expression in Tissues and Cell Lines

Functional Associations

RHOT2 has 6,542 functional associations with biological entities spanning 9 categories (molecular profile, organism, chemical, functional term, phrase or reference, disease, phenotype or trait, structural feature, cell line, cell type or tissue, gene, protein or microRNA, sequence feature) extracted from 115 datasets.

Click the + buttons to view associations for RHOT2 from the datasets below.

If available, associations are ranked by standardized value

Harmonizome 3.0

RHOT2 Gene

Functional Associations

Please acknowledge the Harmonizome in your publications by citing the following reference(s):

	Dataset	Summary
	Achilles Cell Line Gene Essentiality Profiles	cell lines with fitness changed by RHOT2 gene knockdown relative to other cell lines from the Achilles Cell Line Gene Essentiality Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of RHOT2 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of RHOT2 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray	tissue samples with high or low expression of RHOT2 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq	tissue samples with high or low expression of RHOT2 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of RHOT2 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of RHOT2 gene relative to other cell lines from the BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of RHOT2 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of RHOT2 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of RHOT2 gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of RHOT2 gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Proteomics	Cell lines associated with RHOT2 protein from the CCLE Cell Line Proteomics dataset.
	CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations	cell types associated with RHOT2 gene from the CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of RHOT2 gene from the CHEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of RHOT2 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022	transcription factors binding the promoter of RHOT2 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022 dataset.
	CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules	small molecule perturbations changing expression of RHOT2 gene from the CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components containing RHOT2 protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components containing RHOT2 protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components containing RHOT2 protein in low- or high-throughput protein localization assays from the COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components containing RHOT2 protein in low- or high-throughput protein localization assays from the COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components co-occuring with RHOT2 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components co-occuring with RHOT2 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	CORUM Protein Complexes	protein complexs containing RHOT2 protein from the CORUM Protein Complexes dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of RHOT2 gene relative to other cell lines from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles	cell lines with RHOT2 gene mutations from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles dataset.
	CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions	chemicals interacting with RHOT2 gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions dataset.
	CTD Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with RHOT2 gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	DeepCoverMOA Drug Mechanisms of Action	small molecule perturbations with high or low expression of RHOT2 protein relative to other small molecule perturbations from the DeepCoverMOA Drug Mechanisms of Action dataset.
	DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency	cell lines with fitness changed by RHOT2 gene knockdown relative to other cell lines from the DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency dataset.
	DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases associated with RHOT2 gene in GWAS datasets from the DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores	diseases co-occuring with RHOT2 gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases co-occuring with RHOT2 gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with RHOT2 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles	histone modification site profiles with high histone modification abundance at RHOT2 gene from the ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles dataset.
	ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of RHOT2 gene from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of RHOT2 gene in ChIP-seq datasets from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells	PubMedIDs of publications reporting gene signatures containing RHOT2 from the ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells dataset.
	GDSC Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of RHOT2 gene relative to other cell lines from the GDSC Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	GeneRIF Biological Term Annotations	biological terms co-occuring with RHOT2 gene in literature-supported statements describing functions of genes from the GeneRIF Biological Term Annotations dataset.