ROCK1 Gene

HGNC Family	Pleckstrin homology domain containing (PLEKH)
Name	Rho-associated, coiled-coil containing protein kinase 1
Description	This gene encodes a protein serine/threonine kinase that is activated when bound to the GTP-bound form of Rho. The small GTPase Rho regulates formation of focal adhesions and stress fibers of fibroblasts, as well as adhesion and aggregation of platelets and lymphocytes by shuttling between the inactive GDP-bound form and the active GTP-bound form. Rho is also essential in cytokinesis and plays a role in transcriptional activation by serum response factor. This protein, a downstream effector of Rho, phosphorylates and activates LIM kinase, which in turn, phosphorylates cofilin, inhibiting its actin-depolymerizing activity. A pseudogene, related to this gene, is also located on chromosome 18. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2015]
Summary	{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nROCK1 is emerging as a central effector of Rho‐mediated signaling that regulates cytoskeletal architecture, contractility, and cell‐division processes. In dividing cells, ROCK1 is recruited to centrosomes and the midbody to coordinate abscission and modulate cell‐cycle progression, while also influencing the organization of actin–myosin networks and the integrity of adherens junctions. These functions enable proper tissue morphogenesis, as exemplified by ROCK1’s role in epithelial tubulogenesis and cell shape–dependent signaling."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "6"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nIn addition to its role in cell division, ROCK1 is pivotal in coordinating actomyosin contractility and the dynamic remodeling of focal adhesions, which underpin cellular motility, invasion, and metastatic progression. By phosphorylating substrates such as myosin light chain and formin-family proteins, ROCK1 drives stress fiber formation, regulates membrane protrusions, and facilitates extracellular matrix remodeling. In cancer cells, enhanced ROCK1 activity—modulated by upstream factors including PDK1 and by negative regulation through specific microRNAs—supports invasive behavior, anchorage‐independent survival, and efficient dissemination through tissues. These findings have been reinforced by studies using pharmacologic inhibitors and gene suppression strategies, which demonstrate that attenuation of ROCK1 signaling can reduce invasion in melanoma, breast, pancreatic, lung, and osteosarcoma models, as well as influence stem cell differentiation."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "7", "end_ref": "20"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nROCK1 also contributes critically to vascular and apoptotic regulation. In vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cells, ROCK1 modulates contractile tone—affecting processes as diverse as endothelial nitric‐oxide synthase expression and cold‐induced vasoconstriction—and participates in extracellular matrix remodeling that shapes tissue stiffness. Moreover, in the context of apoptosis, particularly in cardiomyocytes and during Fas receptor triggering, ROCK1 undergoes proteolytic cleavage to generate a constitutively active fragment that promotes a feed‐forward loop of caspase activation. Such actions underscore ROCK1’s multifaceted role in balancing prosurvival and proapoptotic signals while mediating the biomechanical responses essential for both normal vascular function and stress‐induced tissue remodeling."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "21", "end_ref": "28"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Erik Sahai, Christopher J Marshall "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "ROCK and Dia have opposing effects on adherens junctions downstream of Rho."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nat Cell Biol (2002)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/ncb796"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/ncb796"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "11992112"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11992112"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Michele A Wozniak, Radhika Desai, Patricia A Solski, et al. 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"}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Rho-ROCK-dependent ezrin-radixin-moesin phosphorylation regulates Fas-mediated apoptosis in Jurkat cells."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Immunol (2008)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.4049/jimmunol.181.9.5963"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.181.9.5963"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "18941185"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18941185"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 28, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Yuepeng Wang, Xiaoyu Rayne Zheng, Nadeene Riddick, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "ROCK isoform regulation of myosin phosphatase and contractility in vascular smooth muscle cells."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Circ Res (2009)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.108.188524"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.108.188524"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "19131646"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19131646"}]}]}]}
Synonyms	ROCK-I, P160ROCK
Proteins	ROCK1_HUMAN
NCBI Gene ID	6093
API
Download Associations
Predicted Functions
Co-expressed Genes
Expression in Tissues and Cell Lines

Functional Associations

ROCK1 has 12,988 functional associations with biological entities spanning 8 categories (molecular profile, organism, functional term, phrase or reference, chemical, disease, phenotype or trait, structural feature, cell line, cell type or tissue, gene, protein or microRNA) extracted from 139 datasets.

Click the + buttons to view associations for ROCK1 from the datasets below.

If available, associations are ranked by standardized value

Harmonizome 3.0

ROCK1 Gene

Functional Associations

Please acknowledge the Harmonizome in your publications by citing the following reference(s):

	Dataset	Summary
	Achilles Cell Line Gene Essentiality Profiles	cell lines with fitness changed by ROCK1 gene knockdown relative to other cell lines from the Achilles Cell Line Gene Essentiality Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of ROCK1 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of ROCK1 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles	tissue samples with high or low expression of ROCK1 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray	tissue samples with high or low expression of ROCK1 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq	tissue samples with high or low expression of ROCK1 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of ROCK1 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Biocarta Pathways	pathways involving ROCK1 protein from the Biocarta Pathways dataset.
	BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of ROCK1 gene relative to other cell lines from the BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of ROCK1 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of ROCK1 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Carcinogenome Chemical Perturbation Carcinogenicity Signatures	small molecule perturbations changing expression of ROCK1 gene from the Carcinogenome Chemical Perturbation Carcinogenicity Signatures dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of ROCK1 gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of ROCK1 gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles	cell lines with ROCK1 gene mutations from the CCLE Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Proteomics	Cell lines associated with ROCK1 protein from the CCLE Cell Line Proteomics dataset.
	CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations	cell types associated with ROCK1 gene from the CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of ROCK1 gene from the CHEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of ROCK1 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022	transcription factors binding the promoter of ROCK1 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022 dataset.
	CM4AI KOLF21J CRISPRi Gene Perturbation Atlas	gene perturbations changing expression of ROCK1 gene from the CM4AI KOLF21J CRISPRi Gene Perturbation Atlas dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components containing ROCK1 protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components containing ROCK1 protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components co-occuring with ROCK1 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components co-occuring with ROCK1 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of ROCK1 gene relative to other cell lines from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles	cell lines with ROCK1 gene mutations from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles dataset.
	CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions	chemicals interacting with ROCK1 gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions dataset.
	CTD Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with ROCK1 gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency	cell lines with fitness changed by ROCK1 gene knockdown relative to other cell lines from the DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency dataset.
	DGIdb Drug Targets 2026	interacting drugs for ROCK1 protein from the DGIdb Drug Targets 2026 dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores	diseases co-occuring with ROCK1 gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases co-occuring with ROCK1 gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with ROCK1 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Phenotype Associations	phenotypes associated with ROCK1 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Phenoptype Associations dataset.
	DrugBank Drug Targets	interacting drugs for ROCK1 protein from the curated DrugBank Drug Targets dataset.
	ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles	histone modification site profiles with high histone modification abundance at ROCK1 gene from the ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles dataset.
	ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of ROCK1 gene from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of ROCK1 gene in ChIP-seq datasets from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells	PubMedIDs of publications reporting gene signatures containing ROCK1 from the ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells dataset.