{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nThe multifunctional RPA complex—and in particular its 70‐kDa subunit, RPA1—is essential for stabilizing single‐stranded DNA at stalled replication forks and for orchestrating the cellular response to DNA damage and replication stress. RPA1 not only binds ssDNA with high affinity but also serves as a critical platform for recruiting sensor and effector kinases such as ATR via its ATRIP partner, thus initiating checkpoint signaling. In addition, proper regulation of RPA1–ssDNA complexes is necessary to prevent replication catastrophe, to support fork protection, and to coordinate timely repair protein assembly during replication, as evidenced by studies demonstrating how RPA‐coated ssDNA directs both ATR activation and subsequent phosphorylation events that modulate replication center localization and damage signaling."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "10"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nBeyond its role in replication surveillance, RPA1 is integral to the coordination of DNA repair pathways—most notably homologous recombination. By engaging in dynamic protein–protein interactions, RPA1 facilitates the exchange of ssDNA with recombinases such as RAD51 in a process aided by accessory factors including DSS1 and regulated by post‐translational modifications. In this context, RPA1 also contributes to the delicate balance between different double‐strand break repair mechanisms and is central to checkpoint‐mediated control over repair pathway choice."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "11", "end_ref": "15"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nAdditional roles of RPA1 extend into diverse aspects of genomic maintenance. RPA1 is implicated in nucleotide excision repair by cooperating with factors such as XPA to enhance damage recognition, in immunoglobulin diversification through recruitment of activation‐induced cytidine deaminase, and in telomere maintenance by preventing aberrant secondary structures like G‑quadruplexes. Moreover, interactions with chromatin remodelers and histone chaperones (for instance via HIRA) underscore RPA1’s function in coupling DNA repair with chromatin assembly and transcriptional regulation. 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