{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nCRABP2 plays a dual role in cancer biology by modulating retinoic acid (RA) signaling. In malignant cells such as lung cancer, elevated CRABP2 levels enhance metastatic properties by promoting cell migration, invasion, and resistance to anoikis. In this context, CRABP2 interacts with the RNA‐binding protein HuR to stabilize specific mRNAs that are key to apoptotic and cell cycle regulation, thereby exerting both pro‐ and anti‐oncogenic effects depending on the cellular context."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nDuring embryogenesis and cellular differentiation, CRABP2 is a critical mediator of RA-dependent transcriptional programs. In embryonic stem cells, RA triggers a dramatic increase in CRABP transcripts, a process finely tuned by deacetylation events (for example, via SIRT1 action on CRABPII) that control nuclear translocation and gene activation. In addition, downregulation of CRABP2 is necessary for the progression of adipogenesis, whereas its upregulation facilitates myogenic differentiation by regulating cell cycle progression under the control of transcription factors such as MyoD and Sp1."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "4", "end_ref": "7"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nIn addition to its roles in oncogenesis and differentiation, CRABP2 contributes to tissue homeostasis and regeneration in diverse systems. Within the skin and hair follicles, CRABP2 is part of a tightly regulated RA biosynthetic pathway that coordinates hair cycling and epidermal differentiation; reduced levels of CRABP2 in aged skin correlate with diminished keratinocyte function and dermal integrity. Moreover, in immune cells such as dendritic cells, CRABP2 is required for converting vitamin A precursors into active RA, which is crucial for T cell specification in the gut. Finally, during nerve regeneration, increased CRABP2 expression has been associated with enhanced axon branching, underscoring its role in neural repair processes."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "8", "end_ref": "11"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Amanda C Vreeland, Shuiliang Yu, Liraz Levi, et al. 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