RPS23 Gene

HGNC Family	S ribosomal proteins (RPS)
Name	ribosomal protein S23
Description	Ribosomes, the organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit. Together these subunits are composed of 4 RNA species and approximately 80 structurally distinct proteins. This gene encodes a ribosomal protein that is a component of the 40S subunit. The protein belongs to the S12P family of ribosomal proteins. It is located in the cytoplasm. The protein shares significant amino acid similarity with S. cerevisiae ribosomal protein S28. As is typical for genes encoding ribosomal proteins, there are multiple processed pseudogenes of this gene dispersed through the genome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Summary	{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nRPS23 is a highly conserved component of the 40S ribosomal subunit that undergoes specific posttranslational modifications. In yeast and humans, an evolutionarily conserved oxygenase catalyzes the hydroxylation of a proline residue (Pro‐64 in yeast; Pro‐62 in humans) in close proximity to the decoding center, thereby directly modulating translation termination efficiency in a stop codon context‐dependent manner. This oxygenase‐mediated modification not only fine‐tunes the accuracy of mRNA decoding but also links oxygen sensing directly to gene expression at the translational level, with implications for conditions where translational fidelity is critical for viability."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ""}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nMutations in the gene encoding RPS23 (also known as uS12) have been shown to disrupt its normal function by altering key loop regions required for maintaining the accuracy of mRNA codon translation. Such missense mutations can impair the OGFOD1‐dependent hydroxylation of a neighboring proline or destabilize important structural features within the protein, which in turn may block proper assembly of 40S ribosomal subunits and compromise translation fidelity. Notably, these alterations are associated with developmental disorders that include microcephaly, hearing loss, and neurodevelopmental deficits, and they also render cells particularly sensitive to oxidative stress."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "2"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ""}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nBeyond its central role in protein synthesis, RPS23 has emerged as a potential molecular hub in diverse pathological contexts. For instance, a related protein, RPS23RG1, has been implicated in Alzheimer’s disease though its physiological function remains to be fully determined. Additionally, weighted gene co-expression network analysis in gastric cancer has identified RPS23 as one of the key hub genes within a module linked to high intra-tumor heterogeneity, suggesting that dysregulation of RPS23 may also reflect tumor pathology and prognosis."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "3"}]}]}]}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Christoph Loenarz, Rok Sekirnik, Armin Thalhammer, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Hydroxylation of the eukaryotic ribosomal decoding center affects translational accuracy."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2014)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1073/pnas.1311750111"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1311750111"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "24550462"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24550462"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nahuel A Paolini, Martin Attwood, Samuel B Sondalle, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "A Ribosomopathy Reveals Decoding Defective Ribosomes Driving Human Dysmorphism."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Am J Hum Genet (2017)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.ajhg.2017.01.034"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajhg.2017.01.034"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "28257692"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28257692"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Dongdong Zhao, Jian Meng, Yingjun Zhao, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "RPS23RG1 Is Required for Synaptic Integrity and Rescues Alzheimer's Disease-Associated Cognitive Deficits."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Biol Psychiatry (2019)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.biopsych.2018.08.009"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2018.08.009"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "30292394"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30292394"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Zhe Dong, Shengnan Pei, Yan Zhao, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Identification of Hub Genes in Gastric Cancer with High Heterogeneity Based on Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Crit Rev Eukaryot Gene Expr (2020)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1615/CritRevEukaryotGeneExpr.2020028305"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1615/CritRevEukaryotGeneExpr.2020028305"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "32558489"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32558489"}]}]}]}
Synonyms	MABAS, S23, PAMAS, BTDD, uS12, MCINS
Proteins	RS23_HUMAN
NCBI Gene ID	6228
API
Download Associations
Predicted Functions
Co-expressed Genes
Expression in Tissues and Cell Lines

Functional Associations

RPS23 has 10,862 functional associations with biological entities spanning 9 categories (molecular profile, organism, chemical, functional term, phrase or reference, disease, phenotype or trait, structural feature, cell line, cell type or tissue, gene, protein or microRNA, sequence feature) extracted from 109 datasets.

Click the + buttons to view associations for RPS23 from the datasets below.

If available, associations are ranked by standardized value

Harmonizome 3.0

RPS23 Gene

Functional Associations

Please acknowledge the Harmonizome in your publications by citing the following reference(s):

	Dataset	Summary
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of RPS23 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of RPS23 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray	tissue samples with high or low expression of RPS23 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq	tissue samples with high or low expression of RPS23 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of RPS23 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of RPS23 gene relative to other cell lines from the BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of RPS23 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of RPS23 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of RPS23 gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of RPS23 gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Proteomics	Cell lines associated with RPS23 protein from the CCLE Cell Line Proteomics dataset.
	CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations	cell types associated with RPS23 gene from the CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of RPS23 gene from the CHEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of RPS23 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022	transcription factors binding the promoter of RPS23 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022 dataset.
	CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules	small molecule perturbations changing expression of RPS23 gene from the CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components containing RPS23 protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components containing RPS23 protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components containing RPS23 protein in low- or high-throughput protein localization assays from the COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components containing RPS23 protein in low- or high-throughput protein localization assays from the COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components co-occuring with RPS23 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components co-occuring with RPS23 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	CORUM Protein Complexes	protein complexs containing RPS23 protein from the CORUM Protein Complexes dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of RPS23 gene relative to other cell lines from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles	cell lines with RPS23 gene mutations from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles dataset.
	CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions	chemicals interacting with RPS23 gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions dataset.
	CTD Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with RPS23 gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	DeepCoverMOA Drug Mechanisms of Action	small molecule perturbations with high or low expression of RPS23 protein relative to other small molecule perturbations from the DeepCoverMOA Drug Mechanisms of Action dataset.
	DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases associated with RPS23 gene in GWAS datasets from the DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores	diseases co-occuring with RPS23 gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases co-occuring with RPS23 gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with RPS23 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Phenotype Associations	phenotypes associated with RPS23 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Phenoptype Associations dataset.
	ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles	histone modification site profiles with high histone modification abundance at RPS23 gene from the ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles dataset.
	ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of RPS23 gene from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of RPS23 gene in ChIP-seq datasets from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells	PubMedIDs of publications reporting gene signatures containing RPS23 from the ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells dataset.
	GDSC Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of RPS23 gene relative to other cell lines from the GDSC Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	GeneRIF Biological Term Annotations	biological terms co-occuring with RPS23 gene in literature-supported statements describing functions of genes from the GeneRIF Biological Term Annotations dataset.
	GeneSigDB Published Gene Signatures	PubMedIDs of publications reporting gene signatures containing RPS23 from the GeneSigDB Published Gene Signatures dataset.