HGNC Family | Endogenous ligands |
Name | R-spondin 2 |
Description | This gene encodes a member of the R-spondin family of proteins. These proteins are secreted ligands of leucine-rich repeat containing G protein-coupled receptors that enhance Wnt signaling through the inhibition of ubiquitin E3 ligases. A chromosomal translocation including this locus that results in the formation of a gene fusion has been identified in multiple human cancers. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2015] |
Summary |
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Its fusion transcripts have been detected in subsets of colorectal tumors and digestive system cancers where they are implicated in potentiating oncogenic Wnt signaling, promoting cell proliferation and invasion. In pancreatic cancer, increased RSPO2 expression marks subpopulations with cancer stem cell properties and high metastatic potential, while in nasopharyngeal, gastric, hepatocellular, and squamous cell carcinomas, RSPO2 has been shown to modulate epithelial–mesenchymal transition, tumor cell migration, and stemness. In some contexts, RSPO2 signaling via LGR receptors (or through alternative partners) also influences premetastatic niche formation such as in bone metastasis."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "7", "end_ref": "16"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nBeyond its oncogenic and tumor‐suppressive roles, RSPO2 is crucial in normal development and tissue homeostasis. It acts as a paracrine factor in the ovary, where oocyte‐derived RSPO2 promotes granulosa cell cycle progression and follicular maturation. RSPO2 also regulates chondrocyte differentiation with implications in skeletal diseases such as ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament, influences epithelial–mesenchymal interactions in keloids, and modulates adipogenesis and adipose tissue remodeling. In addition, RSPO2 impacts liver fibrogenesis, arterial lymphangiogenesis and cholesterol efflux, contributes to the regulation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, and even participates in midbrain dopaminergic neuron formation—all underscoring its broad biological significance."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "17", "end_ref": "28"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nRSPO2’s activity is subject to multiple layers of regulation. Post‐translational modifications, such as C‐mannosylation, can alter its extracellular secretion and its ability to activate Wnt signaling. In addition, its expression is modulated by epigenetic mechanisms and microRNAs, and specific genetic variants in RSPO2 have been associated with altered disease susceptibilities, including Dupuytren's contracture and variations in cancer outcomes. 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Synonyms | TETAMS2, HHRRD, CRISTIN2 |
Proteins | RSPO2_HUMAN |
NCBI Gene ID | 340419 |
API | |
Download Associations | |
Predicted Functions |
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Co-expressed Genes |
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Expression in Tissues and Cell Lines |
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RSPO2 has 3,891 functional associations with biological entities spanning 9 categories (molecular profile, organism, functional term, phrase or reference, disease, phenotype or trait, chemical, structural feature, cell line, cell type or tissue, gene, protein or microRNA, sequence feature) extracted from 91 datasets.
Click the + buttons to view associations for RSPO2 from the datasets below.
If available, associations are ranked by standardized value
Dataset | Summary | |
---|---|---|
Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles | tissues with high or low expression of RSPO2 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles | tissues with high or low expression of RSPO2 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray | tissue samples with high or low expression of RSPO2 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray dataset. | |
Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq | tissue samples with high or low expression of RSPO2 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq dataset. | |
Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles | tissues with high or low expression of RSPO2 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles | cell types and tissues with high or low expression of RSPO2 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles | cell types and tissues with high or low expression of RSPO2 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles | cell lines with high or low copy number of RSPO2 gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset. | |
CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles | cell lines with high or low expression of RSPO2 gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations | cell types associated with RSPO2 gene from the CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations dataset. | |
ChEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles | transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of RSPO2 gene from the CHEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset. | |
ChEA Transcription Factor Targets | transcription factors binding the promoter of RSPO2 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets dataset. | |
ChEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022 | transcription factors binding the promoter of RSPO2 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022 dataset. | |
COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores | cellular components containing RSPO2 protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset. | |
COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores | cellular components co-occuring with RSPO2 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset. | |
COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 | cellular components co-occuring with RSPO2 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset. | |
COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles | cell lines with high or low copy number of RSPO2 gene relative to other cell lines from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset. | |
COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles | cell lines with RSPO2 gene mutations from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles dataset. | |
CTD Gene-Disease Associations | diseases associated with RSPO2 gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Disease Associations dataset. | |
dbGAP Gene-Trait Associations | traits associated with RSPO2 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the dbGAP Gene-Trait Associations dataset. | |
DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency | cell lines with fitness changed by RSPO2 gene knockdown relative to other cell lines from the DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency dataset. | |
DISEASES Curated Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025 | diseases involving RSPO2 gene from the DISEASES Curated Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025 dataset. | |
DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores | diseases associated with RSPO2 gene in GWAS datasets from the DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset. | |
DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025 | diseases associated with RSPO2 gene in GWAS datasets from the DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset. | |
DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores | diseases co-occuring with RSPO2 gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset. | |
DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025 | diseases co-occuring with RSPO2 gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset. | |
DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations | diseases associated with RSPO2 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations dataset. | |
DisGeNET Gene-Phenotype Associations | phenotypes associated with RSPO2 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Phenoptype Associations dataset. | |
ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles | histone modification site profiles with high histone modification abundance at RSPO2 gene from the ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles dataset. | |
ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles | transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of RSPO2 gene from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset. | |
ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets | transcription factors binding the promoter of RSPO2 gene in ChIP-seq datasets from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets dataset. | |
ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells | PubMedIDs of publications reporting gene signatures containing RSPO2 from the ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells dataset. | |
GAD Gene-Disease Associations | diseases associated with RSPO2 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD Gene-Disease Associations dataset. | |
GeneRIF Biological Term Annotations | biological terms co-occuring with RSPO2 gene in literature-supported statements describing functions of genes from the GeneRIF Biological Term Annotations dataset. | |
GeneSigDB Published Gene Signatures | PubMedIDs of publications reporting gene signatures containing RSPO2 from the GeneSigDB Published Gene Signatures dataset. | |
GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Diseases | disease perturbations changing expression of RSPO2 gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Diseases dataset. | |
GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Gene Perturbations | gene perturbations changing expression of RSPO2 gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Gene Perturbations dataset. | |
GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Kinase Perturbations | kinase perturbations changing expression of RSPO2 gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Kinase Perturbations dataset. | |
GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules | small molecule perturbations changing expression of RSPO2 gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules dataset. | |
GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Transcription Factor Perturbations | transcription factor perturbations changing expression of RSPO2 gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Transcription Factor Perturbations dataset. | |
GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Viral Infections | virus perturbations changing expression of RSPO2 gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Viral Infections dataset. | |
GO Biological Process Annotations 2015 | biological processes involving RSPO2 gene from the curated GO Biological Process Annotations 2015 dataset. | |
GO Biological Process Annotations 2023 | biological processes involving RSPO2 gene from the curated GO Biological Process Annotations 2023 dataset. | |
GO Biological Process Annotations 2025 | biological processes involving RSPO2 gene from the curated GO Biological Process Annotations2025 dataset. | |
GO Cellular Component Annotations 2015 | cellular components containing RSPO2 protein from the curated GO Cellular Component Annotations 2015 dataset. | |
GO Molecular Function Annotations 2015 | molecular functions performed by RSPO2 gene from the curated GO Molecular Function Annotations 2015 dataset. | |
GO Molecular Function Annotations 2025 | molecular functions performed by RSPO2 gene from the curated GO Molecular Function Annotations 2025 dataset. | |
GTEx eQTL 2025 | SNPs regulating expression of RSPO2 gene from the GTEx eQTL 2025 dataset. | |
GTEx Tissue Gene Expression Profiles | tissues with high or low expression of RSPO2 gene relative to other tissues from the GTEx Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
GTEx Tissue Gene Expression Profiles 2023 | tissues with high or low expression of RSPO2 gene relative to other tissues from the GTEx Tissue Gene Expression Profiles 2023 dataset. | |
GTEx Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles | tissue samples with high or low expression of RSPO2 gene relative to other tissue samples from the GTEx Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
GWASdb SNP-Disease Associations | diseases associated with RSPO2 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GWASdb SNP-Disease Associations dataset. | |
GWASdb SNP-Phenotype Associations | phenotypes associated with RSPO2 gene in GWAS datasets from the GWASdb SNP-Phenotype Associations dataset. | |
Heiser et al., PNAS, 2011 Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles | cell lines with high or low expression of RSPO2 gene relative to other cell lines from the Heiser et al., PNAS, 2011 Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
HPA Tissue Gene Expression Profiles | tissues with high or low expression of RSPO2 gene relative to other tissues from the HPA Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
HPA Tissue Protein Expression Profiles | tissues with high or low expression of RSPO2 protein relative to other tissues from the HPA Tissue Protein Expression Profiles dataset. | |
HPA Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles | tissue samples with high or low expression of RSPO2 gene relative to other tissue samples from the HPA Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
HuBMAP Azimuth Cell Type Annotations | cell types associated with RSPO2 gene from the HuBMAP Azimuth Cell Type Annotations dataset. | |
HuGE Navigator Gene-Phenotype Associations | phenotypes associated with RSPO2 gene by text-mining GWAS publications from the HuGE Navigator Gene-Phenotype Associations dataset. | |
InterPro Predicted Protein Domain Annotations | protein domains predicted for RSPO2 protein from the InterPro Predicted Protein Domain Annotations dataset. | |
JASPAR Predicted Transcription Factor Targets | transcription factors regulating expression of RSPO2 gene predicted using known transcription factor binding site motifs from the JASPAR Predicted Transcription Factor Targets dataset. | |
Klijn et al., Nat. Biotechnol., 2015 Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles | cell lines with high or low copy number of RSPO2 gene relative to other cell lines from the Klijn et al., Nat. Biotechnol., 2015 Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset. | |
KnockTF Gene Expression Profiles with Transcription Factor Perturbations | transcription factor perturbations changing expression of RSPO2 gene from the KnockTF Gene Expression Profiles with Transcription Factor Perturbations dataset. | |
LOCATE Predicted Protein Localization Annotations | cellular components predicted to contain RSPO2 protein from the LOCATE Predicted Protein Localization Annotations dataset. | |
MGI Mouse Phenotype Associations 2023 | phenotypes of transgenic mice caused by RSPO2 gene mutations from the MGI Mouse Phenotype Associations 2023 dataset. | |
MiRTarBase microRNA Targets | microRNAs targeting RSPO2 gene in low- or high-throughput microRNA targeting studies from the MiRTarBase microRNA Targets dataset. | |
MotifMap Predicted Transcription Factor Targets | transcription factors regulating expression of RSPO2 gene predicted using known transcription factor binding site motifs from the MotifMap Predicted Transcription Factor Targets dataset. | |
MPO Gene-Phenotype Associations | phenotypes of transgenic mice caused by RSPO2 gene mutations from the MPO Gene-Phenotype Associations dataset. | |
MSigDB Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Cancer Gene Perturbations | gene perturbations changing expression of RSPO2 gene from the MSigDB Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Cancer Gene Perturbations dataset. | |
Pathway Commons Protein-Protein Interactions | interacting proteins for RSPO2 from the Pathway Commons Protein-Protein Interactions dataset. | |
PerturbAtlas Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Gene Perturbations | gene perturbations changing expression of RSPO2 gene from the PerturbAtlas Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Gene Perturbations dataset. | |
PerturbAtlas Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Mouse Gene Perturbations | gene perturbations changing expression of RSPO2 gene from the PerturbAtlas Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Gene Perturbations dataset. | |
PFOCR Pathway Figure Associations 2023 | pathways involving RSPO2 protein from the PFOCR Pathway Figure Associations 2023 dataset. | |
PFOCR Pathway Figure Associations 2024 | pathways involving RSPO2 protein from the Wikipathways PFOCR 2024 dataset. | |
Reactome Pathways 2014 | pathways involving RSPO2 protein from the Reactome Pathways dataset. | |
Reactome Pathways 2024 | pathways involving RSPO2 protein from the Reactome Pathways 2024 dataset. | |
Roadmap Epigenomics Cell and Tissue DNA Methylation Profiles | cell types and tissues with high or low DNA methylation of RSPO2 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the Roadmap Epigenomics Cell and Tissue DNA Methylation Profiles dataset. | |
Roadmap Epigenomics Histone Modification Site Profiles | histone modification site profiles with high histone modification abundance at RSPO2 gene from the Roadmap Epigenomics Histone Modification Site Profiles dataset. | |
RummaGEO Drug Perturbation Signatures | drug perturbations changing expression of RSPO2 gene from the RummaGEO Drug Perturbation Signatures dataset. | |
RummaGEO Gene Perturbation Signatures | gene perturbations changing expression of RSPO2 gene from the RummaGEO Gene Perturbation Signatures dataset. | |
Tabula Sapiens Gene-Cell Associations | cell types with high or low expression of RSPO2 gene relative to other cell types from the Tabula Sapiens Gene-Cell Associations dataset. | |
Tahoe Therapeutics Tahoe 100M Perturbation Atlas | drug perturbations changing expression of RSPO2 gene from the Tahoe Therapeutics Tahoe 100M Perturbation Atlas dataset. | |
TargetScan Predicted Conserved microRNA Targets | microRNAs regulating expression of RSPO2 gene predicted using conserved miRNA seed sequences from the TargetScan Predicted Conserved microRNA Targets dataset. | |
TargetScan Predicted Nonconserved microRNA Targets | microRNAs regulating expression of RSPO2 gene predicted using nonconserved miRNA seed sequences from the TargetScan Predicted Nonconserved microRNA Targets dataset. | |
TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors | tissue samples with high or low expression of RSPO2 gene relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset. | |
TISSUES Curated Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores | tissues with high expression of RSPO2 protein from the TISSUES Curated Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores dataset. | |
TISSUES Curated Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025 | tissues with high expression of RSPO2 protein from the TISSUES Curated Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025 dataset. | |
TISSUES Experimental Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores | tissues with high expression of RSPO2 protein in proteomics datasets from the TISSUES Experimental Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores dataset. | |
TISSUES Text-mining Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores | tissues co-occuring with RSPO2 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the TISSUES Text-mining Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores dataset. | |
TISSUES Text-mining Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025 | tissues co-occuring with RSPO2 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the TISSUES Text-mining Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025 dataset. | |
WikiPathways Pathways 2014 | pathways involving RSPO2 protein from the Wikipathways Pathways 2014 dataset. | |