SCAI Gene

Name	suppressor of cancer cell invasion
Description	This gene encodes a regulator of cell migration. The encoded protein appears to function in the RhoA (ras homolog gene family, member A)-Dia1 (diaphanous homolog 1) signal transduction pathway. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2010]
Summary	{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nSCAI (suppressor of cancer cell invasion) is emerging as a multifunctional regulator that plays a central role in controlling invasive cell behavior in cancer. It was initially characterized as a transcriptional cofactor that modulates cell invasion by interacting with key transcription factors and signaling molecules. For example, SCAI was shown to inhibit invasive migration by interfacing with the RhoA‐Dia1 signaling pathway and by forming a complex with serum response factor and myocardin‐related transcription factor, thereby repressing transcription of genes (such as beta1-integrin) that promote cell motility."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In glioma and other tumor models, decreased SCAI expression enhances not only invasive behavior but also cancer stem cell–like phenotypes and activates oncogenic pathways like Wnt/β-catenin."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "2"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Moreover, several studies in breast, osteosarcoma, colorectal, and oral squamous cell carcinomas have revealed that distinct microRNAs—such as miR-1228, miR-625-3p, miR-5100, and miR-767-5p—can directly target and downregulate SCAI, leading to increased cell growth, migration, and invasion."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "3", "end_ref": "7"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nIn addition to its role in curbing cell invasion, SCAI contributes to the maintenance of genome integrity. It has been implicated in the repair of double-strand breaks by binding to phosphorylated 53BP1 and facilitating homologous recombination—partly by displacing RIF1 and thereby promoting BRCA1-mediated repair. SCAI further participates in a protein complex (in association with the DNA polymerase REV3) that protects stalled replication forks from excessive resection, which is critical for preserving genomic stability during DNA replication stress."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "8", "end_ref": "10"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nSCAI also exerts transcriptional regulatory functions through interactions with epigenetic modifiers. It selectively associates with the histone demethylase KDM3B and thereby influences chromatin organization and gene expression. Furthermore, SCAI is involved in modulating epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in models of fibrosis as well as in diverse cancers, with its expression pattern correlating with patient outcomes in a context-dependent manner. Intriguingly, the discovery of a processed SMAD4 gene inserted within an intron of the SCAI gene has revealed additional layers of genomic complexity that may influence diagnostic interpretations."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "11", "end_ref": "14"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Dominique T Brandt, Christian Baarlink, Thomas M Kitzing, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "SCAI acts as a suppressor of cancer cell invasion through the transcriptional control of beta1-integrin."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nat Cell Biol (2009)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/ncb1862"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/ncb1862"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "19350017"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19350017"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Xiangrong Chen, Weipeng Hu, Baoyuan Xie, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Downregulation of SCAI enhances glioma cell invasion and stem cell like phenotype by activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Biochem Biophys Res Commun (2014)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.04.098"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.04.098"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "24785374"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24785374"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Luoqiang Lin, Dan Liu, Hongyan Liang, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "MiR-1228 promotes breast cancer cell growth and metastasis through targeting SCAI protein."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Int J Clin Exp Pathol (2015)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "26261546"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26261546"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Hailun Zheng, Renqiang Ma, Qizhi Wang, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "MiR-625-3p promotes cell migration and invasion via inhibition of SCAI in colorectal carcinoma cells."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Oncotarget (2015)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.18632/oncotarget.4738"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.4738"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "26314959"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26314959"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 5, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Jian-Wei Wang, Xiao-Feng Wu, Xiao-Juan Gu, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Exosomal miR-1228 From Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Promotes Cell Migration and Invasion of Osteosarcoma by Directly Targeting SCAI."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Oncol Res (2019)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.3727/096504018X15336368805108"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.3727/096504018X15336368805108"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "30180920"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30180920"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 6, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Zicheng Wei, Beili Lyu, Deqiang Hou, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mir-5100 Mediates Proliferation, Migration and Invasion of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells Via Targeting SCAI."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Invest Surg (2021)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1080/08941939.2019.1701754"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1080/08941939.2019.1701754"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "31851859"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31851859"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 7, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Xin Wang, Zongwen Liu, Alan Chu, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Hsa_circ_0052611 and mir-767-5p guide the warburg effect, migration, and invasion of BRCA cells through modulating SCAI."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Bioenerg Biomembr (2023)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1007/s10863-023-09985-4"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10863-023-09985-4"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "37743442"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37743442"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 8, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Shin-Ya Isobe, Koji Nagao, Naohito Nozaki, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Inhibition of RIF1 by SCAI Allows BRCA1-Mediated Repair."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cell Rep (2017)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.celrep.2017.06.056"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2017.06.056"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "28700933"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28700933"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 9, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Richard O Adeyemi, Nicholas A Willis, Andrew E H Elia, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "The Protexin complex counters resection on stalled forks to promote homologous recombination and crosslink repair."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mol Cell (2021)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.molcel.2021.09.008"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molcel.2021.09.008"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "34597596"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34597596"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 10, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Arina A Anuchina, Milyausha I Zaynitdinova, Anna G Demchenko, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Bridging Gaps in HDR Improvement: The Role of MAD2L2, SCAI, and SCR7."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Int J Mol Sci (2023)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.3390/ijms24076704"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24076704"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "37047677"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37047677"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 11, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Attila Fintha, Ákos Gasparics, Lilla Fang, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Characterization and role of SCAI during renal fibrosis and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Am J Pathol (2013)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.ajpath.2012.10.009"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajpath.2012.10.009"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "23178076"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23178076"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 12, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Michael Brauchle, Zhiping Yao, Rishi Arora, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Protein complex interactor analysis and differential activity of KDM3 subfamily members towards H3K9 methylation."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "PLoS One (2013)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1371/journal.pone.0060549"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0060549"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "23593242"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23593242"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 13, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Ákos Gasparics, Gábor Kökény, Attila Fintha, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Alterations in SCAI Expression during Cell Plasticity, Fibrosis and Cancer."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Pathol Oncol Res (2018)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1007/s12253-017-0293-4"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s12253-017-0293-4"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "28815470"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28815470"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 14, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Christopher M Watson, Nick Camm, Laura A Crinnion, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Characterization and Genomic Localization of a SMAD4 Processed Pseudogene."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Mol Diagn (2017)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.jmoldx.2017.08.002"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmoldx.2017.08.002"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "28867604"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28867604"}]}]}]}
Synonyms	C9ORF126, NET40
Proteins	SCAI_HUMAN
NCBI Gene ID	286205
API
Download Associations
Predicted Functions
Co-expressed Genes
Expression in Tissues and Cell Lines

Functional Associations

SCAI has 6,974 functional associations with biological entities spanning 9 categories (molecular profile, organism, chemical, functional term, phrase or reference, disease, phenotype or trait, structural feature, cell line, cell type or tissue, gene, protein or microRNA, sequence feature) extracted from 108 datasets.

Click the + buttons to view associations for SCAI from the datasets below.

If available, associations are ranked by standardized value

Harmonizome 3.0

SCAI Gene

Functional Associations

Please acknowledge the Harmonizome in your publications by citing the following reference(s):

	Dataset	Summary
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of SCAI gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of SCAI gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles	tissue samples with high or low expression of SCAI gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray	tissue samples with high or low expression of SCAI gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq	tissue samples with high or low expression of SCAI gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of SCAI gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of SCAI gene relative to other cell lines from the BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of SCAI gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of SCAI gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Carcinogenome Chemical Perturbation Carcinogenicity Signatures	small molecule perturbations changing expression of SCAI gene from the Carcinogenome Chemical Perturbation Carcinogenicity Signatures dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of SCAI gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of SCAI gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Proteomics	Cell lines associated with SCAI protein from the CCLE Cell Line Proteomics dataset.
	CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations	cell types associated with SCAI gene from the CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of SCAI gene from the CHEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of SCAI gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022	transcription factors binding the promoter of SCAI gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022 dataset.
	CM4AI U2OS Cell Map Protein Localization Assemblies	assemblies containing SCAI protein from integrated AP-MS and IF data from the CM4AI U2OS Cell Map Protein Localization Assemblies dataset.
	CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules	small molecule perturbations changing expression of SCAI gene from the CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components containing SCAI protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components containing SCAI protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components containing SCAI protein in low- or high-throughput protein localization assays from the COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components co-occuring with SCAI protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components co-occuring with SCAI protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of SCAI gene relative to other cell lines from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles	cell lines with SCAI gene mutations from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles dataset.
	CTD Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with SCAI gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	dbGAP Gene-Trait Associations	traits associated with SCAI gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the dbGAP Gene-Trait Associations dataset.
	DeepCoverMOA Drug Mechanisms of Action	small molecule perturbations with high or low expression of SCAI protein relative to other small molecule perturbations from the DeepCoverMOA Drug Mechanisms of Action dataset.
	DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency	cell lines with fitness changed by SCAI gene knockdown relative to other cell lines from the DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency dataset.
	DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases associated with SCAI gene in GWAS datasets from the DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores	diseases co-occuring with SCAI gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases co-occuring with SCAI gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with SCAI gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Phenotype Associations	phenotypes associated with SCAI gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Phenoptype Associations dataset.
	ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles	histone modification site profiles with high histone modification abundance at SCAI gene from the ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles dataset.
	ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of SCAI gene from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of SCAI gene in ChIP-seq datasets from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells	PubMedIDs of publications reporting gene signatures containing SCAI from the ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells dataset.
	GAD Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with SCAI gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.